With the transformation of apple cultivation methods, its plastic trimming technology has also been greatly developed and updated. For the time being, the main purpose is to adapt to the dwarf planting and cultivation and require the cultivation of an approximately horizontal, uniaxially-extending multi-branch crown with medium and small branch tree structure and the use of slow promotion of flower, early fruit quality Trimming technology. After many years of production practice, the author summarized the pruning method of dwarfing and planting apple trees “three-shimmersâ€, which not only meets the above requirements, but also is easy and effective. The introduction is as follows for reference.
First, the backbone of the winter cut "three under the child"
In dense planting, regardless of the shape of the tree, during the sapling period, the backbone branches should be pruned with open angles, long lengths, and slower slopes. However, the hilly orchard orchards are affected by the site conditions and management level. Weak, after the opening angle is in place, especially after the summer shear promoting flower results, the lengthened growth of the stem branches is greatly weakened, the canopy expansion is slow, and the plants can not be connected with each other. Therefore, the winter cut can not emphasize long-distance or not-cut, but should Take the following "three-times" trimming method.
"Suddenly" one by one extension of the bud leaving the bud short;
"Beats" - Trimming the competition branches and the third branch (the third branch may not be sparse when the growth is weak);
"Three times" - the difference is not sparse third and all other upright branches. Pay attention to the difference in the base of each branch to focus on downward bending, making it slightly injured, and then stretched forward, and in the mother twig wound a few stable and low state, so as to really inhibit growth.
Through the above “three-timesâ€, it not only promotes the growth of the backbone branches, but also accelerates the expansion of the canopy without generating strong branches, ensuring uniaxial extension and facilitating the formation of middle and small branch groups.
Second, the auxiliary raising branches winter cut "three under the child"
"Suddenly"--opening angle, using various methods to make the opening of the auxiliary support base horizontal, preferably using an angle cutter;
"Two children"--extended extension of branches without shearing;
"Three times the child" - sparsely cut upright branches and other long branches.
This "three-shot child" not only guarantees the growth of the young trees and the ventilation and light transmission in the crown, but also consumes more nutrients, which is conducive to early fruit and high yield. After forming, the minor branches may be pruned to gradually remove the auxiliary branches or be retained as appropriate (modified spindle or sparse layer).
Third, the summer trimming "three sons"
After the winter shear, especially after opening the angle, the back branches of the tree crown are likely to sprout more and more. If the branches are not controlled, the branches will grow particularly vigorously, thereby weakening the growth of the mother branch extension branches, and damaging the uniaxial extension, disturbing The tree shape makes the canopy closed and poor ventilation and light transmission, thereby affecting flower bud differentiation and fruit quality improvement. Therefore, the treatment of the upper back is the focus of the summer cut, and its basic approach is also "three times."
"Suddenly" - sparsely cut. First, all new shoots within 20 cm of the main branches and the branches of the supporting branches were removed. It has been proved that the shoots at this site are left untouched even if they undergo twisting, picking, peeling, etc. (usually 3-4 years, it is obviously a kind of prolonged and cumbersome. The waste branches that seriously affect the scenery and conditions will not bear fruit. So early elimination is of utmost importance. Secondly, sparsely cut the upper and middle branches of the back, but they must not be removed. Instead, they should be considered in conjunction with the dorsal, anticline, and back all shoots. It is best to remove about 5-20cm and about 30cm. 15-20cm left to prepare for the preparation of small branches, about 30cm to be cultivated medium-sized branch group; back on the small branch should be cultured, dorsal, anticline should be cultured medium-sized branch group.
"Two children" - topping. The back branches that are selected to be left can be used to pick up parts of them when growing 5-7 leaves, and it is necessary to repeatedly pick and control the hearts.
"Three under the child" - twist tip. Left untwisted back branches are controlled from the end of May to the beginning of June for twisting and twisting, watching their growth at any time after torsion, or picking up the heart or retwisting the tip (twice of the upright branches growing at the twist).
The above “three-shots†can effectively control the growth of the dorsal branches, inhibit the growth of side branches, not only ensure the uniaxial extension of the stem branches, but also can timely culture the middle and small branches after proper winterization and shearing. group.
First, the backbone of the winter cut "three under the child"
In dense planting, regardless of the shape of the tree, during the sapling period, the backbone branches should be pruned with open angles, long lengths, and slower slopes. However, the hilly orchard orchards are affected by the site conditions and management level. Weak, after the opening angle is in place, especially after the summer shear promoting flower results, the lengthened growth of the stem branches is greatly weakened, the canopy expansion is slow, and the plants can not be connected with each other. Therefore, the winter cut can not emphasize long-distance or not-cut, but should Take the following "three-times" trimming method.
"Suddenly" one by one extension of the bud leaving the bud short;
"Beats" - Trimming the competition branches and the third branch (the third branch may not be sparse when the growth is weak);
"Three times" - the difference is not sparse third and all other upright branches. Pay attention to the difference in the base of each branch to focus on downward bending, making it slightly injured, and then stretched forward, and in the mother twig wound a few stable and low state, so as to really inhibit growth.
Through the above “three-timesâ€, it not only promotes the growth of the backbone branches, but also accelerates the expansion of the canopy without generating strong branches, ensuring uniaxial extension and facilitating the formation of middle and small branch groups.
Second, the auxiliary raising branches winter cut "three under the child"
"Suddenly"--opening angle, using various methods to make the opening of the auxiliary support base horizontal, preferably using an angle cutter;
"Two children"--extended extension of branches without shearing;
"Three times the child" - sparsely cut upright branches and other long branches.
This "three-shot child" not only guarantees the growth of the young trees and the ventilation and light transmission in the crown, but also consumes more nutrients, which is conducive to early fruit and high yield. After forming, the minor branches may be pruned to gradually remove the auxiliary branches or be retained as appropriate (modified spindle or sparse layer).
Third, the summer trimming "three sons"
After the winter shear, especially after opening the angle, the back branches of the tree crown are likely to sprout more and more. If the branches are not controlled, the branches will grow particularly vigorously, thereby weakening the growth of the mother branch extension branches, and damaging the uniaxial extension, disturbing The tree shape makes the canopy closed and poor ventilation and light transmission, thereby affecting flower bud differentiation and fruit quality improvement. Therefore, the treatment of the upper back is the focus of the summer cut, and its basic approach is also "three times."
"Suddenly" - sparsely cut. First, all new shoots within 20 cm of the main branches and the branches of the supporting branches were removed. It has been proved that the shoots at this site are left untouched even if they undergo twisting, picking, peeling, etc. (usually 3-4 years, it is obviously a kind of prolonged and cumbersome. The waste branches that seriously affect the scenery and conditions will not bear fruit. So early elimination is of utmost importance. Secondly, sparsely cut the upper and middle branches of the back, but they must not be removed. Instead, they should be considered in conjunction with the dorsal, anticline, and back all shoots. It is best to remove about 5-20cm and about 30cm. 15-20cm left to prepare for the preparation of small branches, about 30cm to be cultivated medium-sized branch group; back on the small branch should be cultured, dorsal, anticline should be cultured medium-sized branch group.
"Two children" - topping. The back branches that are selected to be left can be used to pick up parts of them when growing 5-7 leaves, and it is necessary to repeatedly pick and control the hearts.
"Three under the child" - twist tip. Left untwisted back branches are controlled from the end of May to the beginning of June for twisting and twisting, watching their growth at any time after torsion, or picking up the heart or retwisting the tip (twice of the upright branches growing at the twist).
The above “three-shots†can effectively control the growth of the dorsal branches, inhibit the growth of side branches, not only ensure the uniaxial extension of the stem branches, but also can timely culture the middle and small branches after proper winterization and shearing. group.
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