Apple tree fertilization, generally divided into base fertilizer and top dressing two. The specific fertilization time will vary due to the state of tree growth and fertilization methods. In different periods, the types, quantities, and methods of fertilization are also different.
First, base fertilizer.
To use organic fertilizer as the main base fertilizer, the most appropriate autumn. The time of autumn basal fertilization is best after harvesting mid-maturing varieties and before harvesting of late-maturing varieties, generally from late September to early October. Autumn Shiji Fei has the following advantages:
First, the soil temperature of apple root distribution layer is more suitable, and the root growth is large, and the absorption function is also active. After fertilization, it is beneficial to root absorption. Second, after fertilization, it is beneficial to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and increase the accumulation of carbohydrates. Third, the application of organic fertilizers in the fall will allow sufficient time for the roots to absorb and operate and be stored in the tree. Long-term fertilization tests showed that in the autumn fertilization (especially nitrogen fertilizer), the starch content and nitrogen content in apple shoots and the catalase activity in shoots were significantly increased before bud sprouting in the following spring. With a large amount of dry growth, good quality of flower buds, perfect development of reproductive organs, and increased fruit set, the fruit yield and quality have been significantly improved. Therefore, the application of basal fertilizer in autumn is an important part of the apple orchard fertilization system, and it is also the basis for fertilization throughout the year.
Basal fertilizer should be combined with organic fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer. Organic fertilizers should be dominated by slow-acting and semi-delayed fertilizers, such as pig manure, cow manure and human waste, etc., and they should be given a full amount according to the results. Fast-acting fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizers and superphosphate. In order to give full play to the fertilizer effect, several kinds of fertilizers can be crushed together and then mixed and applied. The application amount of basal fertilizer, based on the effective components, should account for about 70% of the total annual fertilization, of which the amount of fertilizer should account for 2/5 of the whole year.
Second, top dressing.
Refers to the fruit tree growing season according to the needs of the tree and additional supplements of available fertilizer, top dressing should be due to the flexibility of the tree arrangement.
Wang Changshu: Top dressing time should avoid the new tip of the nutrition distribution center for a long period of time, promote "two stops" top dressing (Spring shoots and autumn shoots stop for a long time), especially pay attention to "Autumn stop" top dressing, which is conducive to a balanced distribution and ease up . Fertilizers should pay attention to phosphorus and potassium and promote flowering.
Weak trees: The fast-acting fertilizers should be chased before prosperous growth, and nitrate-based fertilizers should be used to promote growth.
The result is strong trees: The purpose of top dressing is to ensure high yields and maintain tree vigor. Before germination: Nitrate-nitrogen is dominant, which is beneficial to sprouting, flowering and fruit setting. When the fruit is enlarged, chase: mainly phosphorus and potassium, with ammonium nitrogen, accelerate the opening of the fruit, promote sugar increase color. During the growing season of apple, it is also possible to carry out extra-root fertilizer according to the state of tree growth and fertilization of soil.
Third, nutrient management technology.
After the fruit is harvested, the basal fertilizer is applied immediately, generally in the middle and late October, with a ditch method, a ditch depth of 0.5-0.6 meters, 3500-3900 kg organic fertilizer, 100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, mixed with the soil and applied to the radiation ditch. . In spring and early March, top dressing is applied once, 100 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 40 kg of silicon fertilizer, 40 kg of compound fertilizer of 15-15-15, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and fertilization by radiation ditch method (5-6 pieces, 0.5 m from trunk). 1.2 meters long, 0.4 meters wide, and 0.3 meters deep. Apply fertilizer and soil. In the spring of mid-June, fertilizer is applied once, 30kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer and 20kg of potassium sulfate. Fertilizer is applied by radiation and fertilization. Sprinkle water after each fertilization.
The fertilization ditch is exchanged every year. Now 80% of the soil in the whole park has been organicized. Each year before germination, spray 3 to 5% of zinc sulfate and urea 3 to 4 times. Before flowering, spray 0.2 to 0.3% of borax 2 to 3 times. During the young fruit period, spray 0.3 to 0.4% of amino acid calcium 2 to 3 times. During the growing season, timely watering, cultivating tillage after watering and after raining.
Fourth, other management.
The use of artificial pollination combined with bee pollination improved the fruit setting rate; the flowering and fruit thinning were started before flowering, the fruits were set before bagging, generally 1 fruit per inflorescence, 1 fruit per 0.1 m, and high quality fruit The bag was bagged in early June and set in early June. 20 to 25 days before harvesting. After removing the bag, pick up the leaves and transfer the fruit to improve the quality.
V. Comments.
There are two salient features in the transformation of an orchard: First, the tree structure is reasonable, and the advantage of the backbone branch obviously does not require girdling to produce a large number of flowering results. The second is to attach importance to the application of organic fertilizer and basal fertilizer, and the types, proportions, and periods of top dressing are reasonable.
First, base fertilizer.
To use organic fertilizer as the main base fertilizer, the most appropriate autumn. The time of autumn basal fertilization is best after harvesting mid-maturing varieties and before harvesting of late-maturing varieties, generally from late September to early October. Autumn Shiji Fei has the following advantages:
First, the soil temperature of apple root distribution layer is more suitable, and the root growth is large, and the absorption function is also active. After fertilization, it is beneficial to root absorption. Second, after fertilization, it is beneficial to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and increase the accumulation of carbohydrates. Third, the application of organic fertilizers in the fall will allow sufficient time for the roots to absorb and operate and be stored in the tree. Long-term fertilization tests showed that in the autumn fertilization (especially nitrogen fertilizer), the starch content and nitrogen content in apple shoots and the catalase activity in shoots were significantly increased before bud sprouting in the following spring. With a large amount of dry growth, good quality of flower buds, perfect development of reproductive organs, and increased fruit set, the fruit yield and quality have been significantly improved. Therefore, the application of basal fertilizer in autumn is an important part of the apple orchard fertilization system, and it is also the basis for fertilization throughout the year.
Basal fertilizer should be combined with organic fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer. Organic fertilizers should be dominated by slow-acting and semi-delayed fertilizers, such as pig manure, cow manure and human waste, etc., and they should be given a full amount according to the results. Fast-acting fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizers and superphosphate. In order to give full play to the fertilizer effect, several kinds of fertilizers can be crushed together and then mixed and applied. The application amount of basal fertilizer, based on the effective components, should account for about 70% of the total annual fertilization, of which the amount of fertilizer should account for 2/5 of the whole year.
Second, top dressing.
Refers to the fruit tree growing season according to the needs of the tree and additional supplements of available fertilizer, top dressing should be due to the flexibility of the tree arrangement.
Wang Changshu: Top dressing time should avoid the new tip of the nutrition distribution center for a long period of time, promote "two stops" top dressing (Spring shoots and autumn shoots stop for a long time), especially pay attention to "Autumn stop" top dressing, which is conducive to a balanced distribution and ease up . Fertilizers should pay attention to phosphorus and potassium and promote flowering.
Weak trees: The fast-acting fertilizers should be chased before prosperous growth, and nitrate-based fertilizers should be used to promote growth.
The result is strong trees: The purpose of top dressing is to ensure high yields and maintain tree vigor. Before germination: Nitrate-nitrogen is dominant, which is beneficial to sprouting, flowering and fruit setting. When the fruit is enlarged, chase: mainly phosphorus and potassium, with ammonium nitrogen, accelerate the opening of the fruit, promote sugar increase color. During the growing season of apple, it is also possible to carry out extra-root fertilizer according to the state of tree growth and fertilization of soil.
Third, nutrient management technology.
After the fruit is harvested, the basal fertilizer is applied immediately, generally in the middle and late October, with a ditch method, a ditch depth of 0.5-0.6 meters, 3500-3900 kg organic fertilizer, 100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, mixed with the soil and applied to the radiation ditch. . In spring and early March, top dressing is applied once, 100 kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 40 kg of silicon fertilizer, 40 kg of compound fertilizer of 15-15-15, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and fertilization by radiation ditch method (5-6 pieces, 0.5 m from trunk). 1.2 meters long, 0.4 meters wide, and 0.3 meters deep. Apply fertilizer and soil. In the spring of mid-June, fertilizer is applied once, 30kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer and 20kg of potassium sulfate. Fertilizer is applied by radiation and fertilization. Sprinkle water after each fertilization.
The fertilization ditch is exchanged every year. Now 80% of the soil in the whole park has been organicized. Each year before germination, spray 3 to 5% of zinc sulfate and urea 3 to 4 times. Before flowering, spray 0.2 to 0.3% of borax 2 to 3 times. During the young fruit period, spray 0.3 to 0.4% of amino acid calcium 2 to 3 times. During the growing season, timely watering, cultivating tillage after watering and after raining.
Fourth, other management.
The use of artificial pollination combined with bee pollination improved the fruit setting rate; the flowering and fruit thinning were started before flowering, the fruits were set before bagging, generally 1 fruit per inflorescence, 1 fruit per 0.1 m, and high quality fruit The bag was bagged in early June and set in early June. 20 to 25 days before harvesting. After removing the bag, pick up the leaves and transfer the fruit to improve the quality.
V. Comments.
There are two salient features in the transformation of an orchard: First, the tree structure is reasonable, and the advantage of the backbone branch obviously does not require girdling to produce a large number of flowering results. The second is to attach importance to the application of organic fertilizer and basal fertilizer, and the types, proportions, and periods of top dressing are reasonable.
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