Cattle and sheep fattening

(I) Continuous fattening method Continuous fattening method refers to the calf being transferred to the fattening stage immediately after weaning, and finishing until the slaughter weight (12-18 months of age, weight 400-500 kg). Widely used in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Using this method, the concentrate in the diet can account for more than 50% of the total nutrients. Both grazing and supplemental fattening methods can be used, as well as lying-feed larvae. Sustained fattening has a high total efficiency due to the high weight gain during the growth stage with higher feed utilization and the short feeding period. The beef produced is tender, second only to the small white beef, and the cost is lower than the fattening of the yak. ​​It is a very popular method of fattening. 1. Grazing and supplementary feeding continued fattening method In areas with good pasture conditions, calves are mainly grazing after weaning, and according to the pasture conditions, they are properly supplemented with fine material or hay to make it reach 400 kg at 18 months of age. To achieve this goal, the calf's average daily gain will reach 0.9-1 kg with cows during the lactation period. In the winter, the daily weight gain is 0.4-0.6 kg. The second summer, the daily weight gain is 0.9 kg. In the dry grass season, the hybrid cattle are fed 1-2 kg of concentrate each day. When grazing should be reasonable grouping, each group of about 50, group rotation. In China, a cow weighing 120-150 kg needs 1.5-2 hectares of grassland. Watch for cattle rest and salt when grazing. Summer heatstroke, catch the autumn. 2. Grazing - Sheltering - Grazing Continuous fattening This type of fattening method is suitable for autumnal nymphs born in September-November. After the calf is born, it is breast-fed or artificially breast-feeded. During the lactation period, the daily gain is 0.6 kg and the weight at the time of weaning reaches 70 kg. After weaning, feed mainly on roughage, feed in winter, eat silage or hay freely, feed no more than 2 kilograms of fines per day, and increase the average daily gain by 0.9 kg. By the age of 6 months, it will weigh up to 180 kg. Then in the fine pasture grazing (at this time from April to October), the average daily gain is required to maintain 1.2 kg. Up to 430 kg by 12 months of age. Transfer to feeding, free access to silage or hay, feed 2-3 kg of concentrates a day, an average daily weight gain of 0.9 kg, to 18 months of age, weighing 490 kg. 3. Shelter continued fattening method to take Feeding The continuous fattening method begins with a production plan and then raises them on a staged basis. After the weaning, the calf is continuously fattened. The calf's feeding is determined by the intensity of the cultivation and the age of the animal at the time of slaughter. The intensity of cultivation and the slaughter at the age of 12-15 months need to provide a higher feeding level so that the average day of fattening cattle can be increased. The weight gain is above 1kg. In formulating the fattening production plan, market needs, feeding costs, the conditions of cattle farms, breeds, breeding intensity, and the month of slaughter and listing are taken into account. According to the physiological characteristics, growth and development rules and nutritional requirements of beef cattle, the whole finishing period is divided into two to three stages, and corresponding feeding and management measures are taken respectively. (II) Concentrated rear-end finishing For cattle aged about 2 years old who are not fattened or who are not enough to slaughter their body, concentrate more concentrated feed in a relatively short period of time. This method has an obvious effect on improving the quality of beef and improving the economic efficiency of fattening cattle. In the latter stage, the concentrated fertilizers are grazing and supplemental feeding, straw and concentrates are the types of dietary fattening and finishing, the silage feed types are fed for finishing, and the alcoholic diets are fed for finishing. The method of grazing plus supplementation and fattening is simple and easy to use, so as to make full use of local resources for less investment and high benefits. China's pastoral areas, mountain areas can be used. 2. The treated straw + fine-stabilized agricultural area has a large number of crop stalks and is a cheap feed resource. After chemical treatment and biological treatment, straws increase the value of adoption and improve palatability and digestibility. The straw ammonification technology has the greatest extent in the agricultural areas in our country, and the effect is good. After ammoniated straw crude protein increased 1-2 times, organic matter digestibility can be increased by 20% to 30%, feed intake can be increased by 1596-20%. Ammoniated stalks are mainly used for the fattening of beef cattle with proper amount of concentrates, and a great deal of research and promotion has been carried out in various places.

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