Loofah is a kind of high-quality vegetables that people love to eat. Most of them are sporadically planted in open spaces or on gardens, and become the staple foods from autumn to early winter. However, due to extensive management and frostbite, the output is low, affecting the scale of production. Using greenhouses for back-season cultivation of loofah, the yield has been greatly improved, and the economic benefits are considerable.
1. Seed selection: Loofahs can be divided into two types: common loofahs and ribbed loofahs. Most of the varieties are suitable for greenhouse cultivation in greenhouses. As the common loofah has strong adaptability and high yield, it should be the preferred variety for facility cultivation. In production, different varieties should be selected according to the sowing date and picking time. General early-maturing varieties include Jinan edge loofah, Beijing loofah sponge, Xiayou loofah, Fenggao loofah, etc. Late-maturing varieties include Wuhan Baiyu cream loofah, Sichuan line loofah, and wrinkled skin loofah.
2, to determine the sowing date: In order to ensure that the harvest of goods in mid-December tender melon, New Year's Day during the Spring Festival can be a lot of market, according to the maturity of different varieties to determine the sowing date, early and early maturing varieties should be sowed in early September, late-maturing varieties It should be sown in mid-August. If the seeds are sown after late October, even if the early-maturing varieties are used, the Spring Festival will enter the period of harvesting tender vines. The economic benefit will be significantly lower than that of early sowing. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate sowing date for the cultivation of high yield and high yield.
3. Seed treatment: Because the seed shell of loofah seeds is thick, soaking and germination should be carried out before sowing. Put the seeds into the hot water of 60°C and agitate them. After soaking for 20-30min, wash off the mucus on the surface of the seed shells, then soak seeds in warm water at 30°C for 3～4h, remove and put in 10% trisodium phosphate solution. The medium immersed 15-20min disinfection, and then remove with water washable Peng, can be placed at 28 ~ 32 °C under high temperature conditions germination. When 2/3 of the seed openings slightly expose the tip of white buds, "seed white" should be sown. Seeding method can be used live broadcast, can also be transplanted and planted.
4. Seedling raising: nursery seedlings will be mixed with the mature soil and a small amount of high-quality chicken manure and put it in place. The water will be soaked. Each seedling will be sown with 1 to 2 germinated seeds and covered with a small amount of fine soil. Cover the seedbed with shade nets or grasshoppers to prevent sun exposure and rain pouring. At the seedling stage, keep the seedlings moist and prevent leggy. The suitable age for planting is 2 leaves and 1 heart, and the maximum is 3 leaves and 1 heart. 7% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed 1 or 2 times 7 days before transplanting to promote the development of the root system and the stalks were thick. Nursery can also use nursery seedlings. Seedling nursery should pay attention to: 1 a reasonable preparation of nutrient soil, according to Feifei: Garden field soil 7:3 or 4:6 ratio, each side of the nutritional soil plus potassium sulfate 1kg, superphosphate 2kg and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 60 ~ 80g, mix well. 7 Dig 10cm square nutritious soil blocks, easy to take soil when taking seedlings and reduce the root injury. 3 Pay attention to prevent the occurrence of damping-off disease, blight, anthracnose and other seedling diseases, can be used 72.2% Precair 800 to 1000 times liquid, or 97% hymexazide wettable powder 2500 to 3000 times spray. 4 pay attention to shade, cooling, prevent seedling period leggy.
5, planting: before planting combined with finishing, Mushi rotted chicken, pig manure and other high quality manure more than 4000kg, after the leveling and uniform, the use of north-south ridging, each ridge spacing 1.8m. In accordance with the width and width of the colonization, narrow row in the ridge back, spacing 60 ~ 70cm, wide cross-ditch, row spacing 100 ~ 120cm, plant spacing 37cm, 667 square meters density 2000 ~ 2500 strains. When transplanting seedlings and planting, attention should be paid to the following points: 1 When taking seedlings, they should strive to bring the pods to completion so as to relieve the wounds. (7) Use the method of fertilization in the nest, that is, apply 1 kg of full-fermented cooked bean cake per hole and pay attention to fully mix with the soil. 3 After all the plants are planted, the mulch can be covered. After the membrane is flattened and ridged, the opening of the planting hole is cut at a distance of 5 to 10 cm. The melon seedlings are taken out from the opening and compacted on both sides of the wet soil. The live field can be directly planted on both sides of the ridge backshoeing water, open hole sowing, sowing 1.5cm after sowing, 3 to 4 days of seedlings can be unearthed, when the seedlings grow to 1 to 2 true leaves, can be fixed seedlings, Each hole left 1 strong seedlings.
6, management
6.1 Pruning and introducing vines: Use the south and north ends of the greenhouse to cross the ridges to fix the vine wire directly above the seedlings and ridges. The wire is lined with nylon ropes on the plant spacing. After the loofah is put on the vines, the vines shall be introduced in a timely manner. When the leaves are tied once, according to the S-type binding vines, the main vines of the loofahs are all able to produce melons, but the main vine vines can increase the yield. When the melon vines grow 10 to 12 leaves, they take one side of the heart. , keep 2 to 3 melons. When 2 to 3 female flowers appear on the lateral branches, they are picked up and promoted to regenerate the lateral branches, and they are promptly dropped.
6.2 control of temperature, light: loofah hi light, heat, moisture, fear of cold, winter and autumn greenhouse temperature loofah cultivation through timely buckle film, as early as late cover grass cover and Zhang hang aluminized poly cheese reflective screen, fill light , Increase coverage, etc. Add light, warming, heat preservation measures, so that temperature lighting, temperature control in the greenhouse: the shortest illumination time is not shorter than 8 hours a day, temperature 20 ~ 28 °C, night temperature 12 ~ 18 °C, early morning The minimum temperature in the shelter should not be less than 10°C. During the growth period, the loofah can be used to control the sunshine duration before drawing vines to promote stem and leaf growth and female flower differentiation. In the fruiting period of the flowering period, we must open the grasshopper timely and make full use of the sunlight to raise the temperature.
6.3 Timely watering and topdressing: From the time of planting to the beginning of flowering, the loofah plant body is smaller, and the water requirement is less. In the case of using the “living in the nest†to apply the cake fertilizer, the fertilizer is generally not required and the mulching is used. ,Do not need to diligently watering, generally pouring 1 or 2 times of water.After entering the fruiting period of continuous flowering, in order to meet the demand of water and fertilizer for high-yielding cultivation of loofah, the interval between watering and dressing is appropriately shortened, and the dosage is relatively increased. During the early period of melons, combined with watering, the decomposed chicken manure and human feces can be diluted. Each time, every 667 m2 of potted land is applied to 500-600 kg, or humic acid compound fertilizer is applied to 10-12 kg. In the middle and later stages, quick-acting fertilizer is used. Alternately with foliar spraying of quick-effect fertilizer.
6.4 Baohuabaoguo: Loofah is a cross-pollination crop, greenhouse loofah, sheds have very few insects in the shed, and its squash rate is closely related to artificial pollination and hormone treatment of female flowers. The key to artificial pollination is to grasp the pollination time and the quality of the male flower. The time for flowering the loofah is between 10:00 in the evening and 10:00 in the next day. The time for artificial pollination is from 9:00 in the evening to the next day. The time for flowering in the common loofah is between 3-12. The good timing of pollination is from 6 to 11 hours. Pollination time will be reduced too early and too late. The use of 2,4-D paint reduces flowering and significantly improves fruit set.
6.5 Pest Control: Diseases of loofah include virus disease, downy mildew, anthracnose, blight, and epidemic diseases. Once diseases are detected, they must be controlled in time. The main agents are virus A, phytopathogenic spirit, and virus clearing. , Chlorothalonil, thiram, thiophanate methyl and others. The main insect pests of loofah are whitefly, yellow-shouldered melon and melon-borer, etc. Once the pests are found, they can be used in a timely manner to take advantage of the ability of greenhouses to be closed. Smoke-bearing agents can be used to smoke pests.
6.6 Timely harvesting: Loofah is eaten with tender cucumbers, so the harvesting period is relatively strict. Generally, 10 to 12 days after flowering, the tender melon can be harvested. On the production, fruit stems are smooth, the fruits are slightly discolored, the hairs are reduced, and the skin touches a soft feeling. When the fruit surface is shiny, it can be harvested. Harvest time should be in the morning, once every 1 to 2 days.
1. Seed selection: Loofahs can be divided into two types: common loofahs and ribbed loofahs. Most of the varieties are suitable for greenhouse cultivation in greenhouses. As the common loofah has strong adaptability and high yield, it should be the preferred variety for facility cultivation. In production, different varieties should be selected according to the sowing date and picking time. General early-maturing varieties include Jinan edge loofah, Beijing loofah sponge, Xiayou loofah, Fenggao loofah, etc. Late-maturing varieties include Wuhan Baiyu cream loofah, Sichuan line loofah, and wrinkled skin loofah.
2, to determine the sowing date: In order to ensure that the harvest of goods in mid-December tender melon, New Year's Day during the Spring Festival can be a lot of market, according to the maturity of different varieties to determine the sowing date, early and early maturing varieties should be sowed in early September, late-maturing varieties It should be sown in mid-August. If the seeds are sown after late October, even if the early-maturing varieties are used, the Spring Festival will enter the period of harvesting tender vines. The economic benefit will be significantly lower than that of early sowing. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate sowing date for the cultivation of high yield and high yield.
3. Seed treatment: Because the seed shell of loofah seeds is thick, soaking and germination should be carried out before sowing. Put the seeds into the hot water of 60°C and agitate them. After soaking for 20-30min, wash off the mucus on the surface of the seed shells, then soak seeds in warm water at 30°C for 3～4h, remove and put in 10% trisodium phosphate solution. The medium immersed 15-20min disinfection, and then remove with water washable Peng, can be placed at 28 ~ 32 °C under high temperature conditions germination. When 2/3 of the seed openings slightly expose the tip of white buds, "seed white" should be sown. Seeding method can be used live broadcast, can also be transplanted and planted.
4. Seedling raising: nursery seedlings will be mixed with the mature soil and a small amount of high-quality chicken manure and put it in place. The water will be soaked. Each seedling will be sown with 1 to 2 germinated seeds and covered with a small amount of fine soil. Cover the seedbed with shade nets or grasshoppers to prevent sun exposure and rain pouring. At the seedling stage, keep the seedlings moist and prevent leggy. The suitable age for planting is 2 leaves and 1 heart, and the maximum is 3 leaves and 1 heart. 7% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed 1 or 2 times 7 days before transplanting to promote the development of the root system and the stalks were thick. Nursery can also use nursery seedlings. Seedling nursery should pay attention to: 1 a reasonable preparation of nutrient soil, according to Feifei: Garden field soil 7:3 or 4:6 ratio, each side of the nutritional soil plus potassium sulfate 1kg, superphosphate 2kg and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 60 ~ 80g, mix well. 7 Dig 10cm square nutritious soil blocks, easy to take soil when taking seedlings and reduce the root injury. 3 Pay attention to prevent the occurrence of damping-off disease, blight, anthracnose and other seedling diseases, can be used 72.2% Precair 800 to 1000 times liquid, or 97% hymexazide wettable powder 2500 to 3000 times spray. 4 pay attention to shade, cooling, prevent seedling period leggy.
5, planting: before planting combined with finishing, Mushi rotted chicken, pig manure and other high quality manure more than 4000kg, after the leveling and uniform, the use of north-south ridging, each ridge spacing 1.8m. In accordance with the width and width of the colonization, narrow row in the ridge back, spacing 60 ~ 70cm, wide cross-ditch, row spacing 100 ~ 120cm, plant spacing 37cm, 667 square meters density 2000 ~ 2500 strains. When transplanting seedlings and planting, attention should be paid to the following points: 1 When taking seedlings, they should strive to bring the pods to completion so as to relieve the wounds. (7) Use the method of fertilization in the nest, that is, apply 1 kg of full-fermented cooked bean cake per hole and pay attention to fully mix with the soil. 3 After all the plants are planted, the mulch can be covered. After the membrane is flattened and ridged, the opening of the planting hole is cut at a distance of 5 to 10 cm. The melon seedlings are taken out from the opening and compacted on both sides of the wet soil. The live field can be directly planted on both sides of the ridge backshoeing water, open hole sowing, sowing 1.5cm after sowing, 3 to 4 days of seedlings can be unearthed, when the seedlings grow to 1 to 2 true leaves, can be fixed seedlings, Each hole left 1 strong seedlings.
6, management
6.1 Pruning and introducing vines: Use the south and north ends of the greenhouse to cross the ridges to fix the vine wire directly above the seedlings and ridges. The wire is lined with nylon ropes on the plant spacing. After the loofah is put on the vines, the vines shall be introduced in a timely manner. When the leaves are tied once, according to the S-type binding vines, the main vines of the loofahs are all able to produce melons, but the main vine vines can increase the yield. When the melon vines grow 10 to 12 leaves, they take one side of the heart. , keep 2 to 3 melons. When 2 to 3 female flowers appear on the lateral branches, they are picked up and promoted to regenerate the lateral branches, and they are promptly dropped.
6.2 control of temperature, light: loofah hi light, heat, moisture, fear of cold, winter and autumn greenhouse temperature loofah cultivation through timely buckle film, as early as late cover grass cover and Zhang hang aluminized poly cheese reflective screen, fill light , Increase coverage, etc. Add light, warming, heat preservation measures, so that temperature lighting, temperature control in the greenhouse: the shortest illumination time is not shorter than 8 hours a day, temperature 20 ~ 28 °C, night temperature 12 ~ 18 °C, early morning The minimum temperature in the shelter should not be less than 10°C. During the growth period, the loofah can be used to control the sunshine duration before drawing vines to promote stem and leaf growth and female flower differentiation. In the fruiting period of the flowering period, we must open the grasshopper timely and make full use of the sunlight to raise the temperature.
6.3 Timely watering and topdressing: From the time of planting to the beginning of flowering, the loofah plant body is smaller, and the water requirement is less. In the case of using the “living in the nest†to apply the cake fertilizer, the fertilizer is generally not required and the mulching is used. ,Do not need to diligently watering, generally pouring 1 or 2 times of water.After entering the fruiting period of continuous flowering, in order to meet the demand of water and fertilizer for high-yielding cultivation of loofah, the interval between watering and dressing is appropriately shortened, and the dosage is relatively increased. During the early period of melons, combined with watering, the decomposed chicken manure and human feces can be diluted. Each time, every 667 m2 of potted land is applied to 500-600 kg, or humic acid compound fertilizer is applied to 10-12 kg. In the middle and later stages, quick-acting fertilizer is used. Alternately with foliar spraying of quick-effect fertilizer.
6.4 Baohuabaoguo: Loofah is a cross-pollination crop, greenhouse loofah, sheds have very few insects in the shed, and its squash rate is closely related to artificial pollination and hormone treatment of female flowers. The key to artificial pollination is to grasp the pollination time and the quality of the male flower. The time for flowering the loofah is between 10:00 in the evening and 10:00 in the next day. The time for artificial pollination is from 9:00 in the evening to the next day. The time for flowering in the common loofah is between 3-12. The good timing of pollination is from 6 to 11 hours. Pollination time will be reduced too early and too late. The use of 2,4-D paint reduces flowering and significantly improves fruit set.
6.5 Pest Control: Diseases of loofah include virus disease, downy mildew, anthracnose, blight, and epidemic diseases. Once diseases are detected, they must be controlled in time. The main agents are virus A, phytopathogenic spirit, and virus clearing. , Chlorothalonil, thiram, thiophanate methyl and others. The main insect pests of loofah are whitefly, yellow-shouldered melon and melon-borer, etc. Once the pests are found, they can be used in a timely manner to take advantage of the ability of greenhouses to be closed. Smoke-bearing agents can be used to smoke pests.
6.6 Timely harvesting: Loofah is eaten with tender cucumbers, so the harvesting period is relatively strict. Generally, 10 to 12 days after flowering, the tender melon can be harvested. On the production, fruit stems are smooth, the fruits are slightly discolored, the hairs are reduced, and the skin touches a soft feeling. When the fruit surface is shiny, it can be harvested. Harvest time should be in the morning, once every 1 to 2 days.
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