The banyan tree, also known as the doctor tree and lantern tree, is a species of eucalyptus tree belonging to the family Sanguinaceae. The banyan tree is a deciduous tree with a tall and straight tree shape, dense foliage and beautiful scenery. The spring leaves are drunk, the summer is full of yellow flowers, the autumn leaves are bright yellow, and the danjo fruit trees are extremely beautiful. They are extremely beautiful ornamental trees. Seeds can be made into beads, so it is especially common in monasteries. Eucalyptus has strong adaptability and obvious seasons. It is an ideal tree species for roads and trees, and is also a good tree species for industrial pollution.
The Eucalyptus spring foliage, summer flower, and autumn and winter fruit have been used extensively as Tingyin, street trees, and landscape trees. It is also used as a tree plantation in the factory area and adjacent to the village. The banyan deciduous tree is deciduous, with a neat crown, a straight-edged tree, and dense branches and leaves. The spring leaves are mostly red, the summer leaves are dark green, and the autumn leaves turn yellow. They are very beautiful. In summer, the golden cones are covered with trees. Top, flowers bloom 60 to 90 days, full of golden trees, very spectacular; before and after the National Day, the membranous pericarp of the fruit swells like small lanterns, hangs at the top of the branches like a flower, does not fall through the winter, is very beautiful . With strong anti-dust capacity, it is an ideal road and garden ornamental tree species for urban and rural afforestation. It can also be used as a shelter forest, water and soil conservation and afforestation of barren hills.
The young buds of eucalyptus trees in early spring are processed by blisters and are nutritious wild foods. Flowers are excellent sources of honey and can be used as medicines to extract yellow dyes. Wood is brittle and easy to process. It can be used as a sheet material and utensils. Ye can extract tannin extract, seed oil can be pressed to make soap and lubricating oil.
1 belongs to other common germplasm resources
There are five species of eucalyptus and four species in China. A common type of eucalyptus in the north is called northern eucalyptus, which is mostly distributed in northern China. The northern banyan tree has been greatly developed and applied. The banyan tree occupies a certain proportion in the street trees in Beijing. On both sides of the Tiananmen Square (from Nanchizi to Xinhuamen), the banyan tree and the pine and cypress show each other.
Another common widely distributed banyan tree is Huangshan banyan tree, also known as mountain urinary bladder, full leaf banyan tree, deciduous tree, branchlets brown-red, densely dermal hole. Leaflets 7-9, entire or sparsely serrate. Yellow flowers. The pods expand and turn red in autumn. Huangshan eucalyptus is mainly produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces and autonomous regions, and was born in hills, mountains and valleys. Hi light, resistant to half shade, slightly overcast in childhood. Hi warm and humid climate, fertile soil. The requirements for soil pH are not strict, and slightly acidic, neutral, and saline-alkali soils can grow, and they are born in calcareous soil. With deep rooting, sprouting strong, long life, not pruning. Suitable for planting in the Yangtze River Basin or in the South. Fewer pests and diseases, strong anti-smoke capacity. The cold resistance is slightly lower than that of eucalyptus, but the top buds are more developed than eucalyptus. Therefore, the false bifurcation habits are not as obvious as eucalyptus, and easy to cultivate a good tree shape. Huangshan banyan trees are fast-growing because they can grow to 80-100 cm. The flowering results of 3 to 5 years), anti-dust and three-quarter viewing characteristics have been developed into scenic tree species in the Yangtze River Basin.
There is also a species of eucalyptus, which is located in south-central and southwestern China. It is deciduous, up to 20m in length, with yellow flowers, purplish red, and two pinnately compound leaves. Flowering in August, the pods are bigger, and the autumn red is beautiful and the viewing effect is better.
The cultivars of eucalyptus are S. september, a cultivar of eucalyptus. The flowering period is from August to September. The branches and leaves are lush and beautiful, and the autumn leaves are yellow. It is an ideal ornamental tree shade tree and street trees in Beijing. It can also be used as a soil and water conservation and barren mountain afforestation tree species. . Tower-shaped maggots are mainly produced in the southwestern subtropical region of China, and are suitable for use as Tingyin trees and street trees.
2 Seedlings breeding and breeding
2.1 Seeding propagation
Seed collection of eucalyptus fruit matured from September to October. Choose good growth, dry straight, open crown, full fruit, in the good age of the excellent single plant as a mother tree, in the fruit was reddish-brown or orange and the fruit has not cracked in time collection, or will fall off on their own. However, it should not be taken too early, otherwise the seed germination rate will be low.
After fruit collection, fruit should be promptly sun-dried or spread dry. After the fruit cracks, beat and threshing, and use the screening method to net seed. Seeds are black, spherical, and germination rates are 60-80%.
The seed coat is hard and difficult to permeate before seed storage and sowing. If the seedling is not sown in the second year of spring, it often does not germinate or the germination rate is very low. Therefore, it is better to sow in the fall of the year to allow the seed to complete the germination stage in the soil, which can save the seed storage, germination and other processes, the second year of spring seedlings unearthed as early as neat and robust growth. However, in the autumn sowing, the seeds are placed in the field for a long time and the management of the sowing ground is more troublesome. Therefore, stratification and germination are also used in production. In the late fall, the terrain is high-drying, with good drainage, and digging pits in the leeward sunny area. Pit width l ~ 1.5m, deep in the freezing layer below the groundwater level of about lm, pit length depending on the number of seeds. The bottom of the pit can be paved with 1 layer of gravel or coarse sand, about 10 to 20cm thick, and insert a bundle of straw in the pit for ventilation. The disinfected seeds were mixed with wet sand and placed in pits. The volume ratio of seeds to sand was 1:3 or 1:5, or 1 layer of seeds was stratified and stratified. The thickness of each layer was about 5 cm. The humidity of the sand is held by hand and it is not suitable for water. Install it about 20cm from the ground, cover 5cm river sand and 10-20cm thick straw, etc., dig a good drainage ditch around, and remove seeds directly in March of next year to sow directly.
About 40 days before the sowing of the dried seeds, soaking in the warm water of 80°C, mixed the wet sand to germinate, and when the number of cracked seeds reaches more than 30%, it can be drilled.
Seeding sowing in spring in March, with wide drilling. After sowing, a layer of loose finely divided soil of 1 to 2 cm thick is applied to prevent the seeds from drying and losing water or being harmed by birds and beasts. Then it was poured with a small amount of water, and then covered with grass, straw and other materials. After about 20 days, the seedlings were flush and the straw was removed.
2.2 cutting seedlings
The cuttings were collected after the fall of the trees in the autumn, combined with 1-year-old seedlings, and the trunks with a base diameter of 0.5-2 cm were collected as a species, or the perennial eucalyptus trees were harvested in the same year as the seedlings, and the branches were collected for collection. Bundle. Immediately after finishing, bury it with wet soil or wet sand so that it does not lose moisture for cutting.
The cuttings of the cuttings were taken out and the buried cuttings were cut into small segments of about 15 cm. The upper cuttings were cut flat and 1.5 cm away from the buds, and the lower clipping was cut obliquely under the buds.
The location of the winter collection in winter and winter in Tibet should be selected from the shady areas where the water is not easy to accumulate, and the cuttings should be placed vertically in the Shagou ditch. Pay attention to the upward direction of the leaf buds, place them in a single layer, and then cover the wet sand with a thickness of 50 to 60 cm.
The cuttings were cut in the spring of the following year, and the spacing was 30Ñ…50cm. The first hole was punched with wooden sticks, and the cuttings were exposed with 1 or 2 buds.
Post-insert management to maintain soil moisture, properly set up the arbour, apply nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, seedlings in the hardening period, control water and fertilizer, promote lignification.
2.3 Seedling Management
The time for shading and shading, and the degree of shading, shall depend on the local temperature and climatic conditions at that time to ensure that their seedlings are not subject to sunburn. In the fall, it is necessary to gradually extend the illumination time and light intensity until it receives full light to increase the degree of lignification of seedlings.
Seedlings, nursery seedlings grow to 5 ~ 10cm high when the seedlings, the spacing of 10 ~ 15cm is appropriate. Between the seedlings to stay small, to stay good, close thin and thin, after the seedlings combined with water applied topdressing. Combined with seedlings, the seedlings are distributed to make the seedlings evenly distributed.
Transplantation of transplanted seedlings can promote the development of seedling root system. The 1-year-old seedlings are 50-70 cm tall. Eucalyptus is a deep-rooted tree species and should be transplanted multiple times to form a good and effective root system. After sowing the seedlings in the fall of the year, they can be dug into the ditch and planted. As the trunks of eucalyptus are not easy to grow straight, they should be cut and dried during the first transplant and the fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. In the spring, buds are sprouted from the base, and those who choose to stay straight and strong are trained as trunks. The trunk grows fast and straight. If the first interception does not meet the requirements, the second spring may be processed again. After transplanting every 3 years or so, the main root and the thick lateral root should be cut properly during transplantation to promote new roots. The saplings of eucalyptus are growing slowly. The first two transplants should be properly planted, which will help cultivate straight trunks and save land. Afterwards, it should be sparsely made and the well-grown canopy should be cultivated. During the growing season, loose soil, sorghum, watering, and topdressing are often used. In the autumn, straight trunks can be developed.
During fertilization and growth, nitrogen-based fast-acting fertilizers should be applied to promote vegetative growth. After the autumn, nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added to increase the degree of lignification and cold resistance of the plants. In winter, farm organic fertilizers should be applied to provide persistent nutrients for the growth of seedlings, and also to preserve and improve the soil.
2.4 Cultivation of large seedlings
When the height of the trunk reaches the height of the branch point, the main branch is left and the garden can be exhumed in 3 to 4 years. If the annual seedlings are not straight or do not meet the dry standards, they will be re-cultivated in the following year. Generally after two transplants, training for 3 to 6 years, you can achieve breast diameter 4 ~ 8cm.
Density of planting: DBH 4 to 5 cm MU planted about 600, DBH 6 to 8 cm MU planted 200 to 300, elected to stay 3 to 5 main branches, short as 40 cm, leaving 2 to 3 for each main branch Lateral branches, height ratio 1:3.
Cultivate 8 to 12 cm in diameter of the whole crown seedlings, planting 160-170 mu, that is, spacing 22 meters; cultivate stems larger than 12 cm in diameter, 130 acres of planting, that plant spacing of 22.5 meters. In conjunction with tending management, the buds with a height of 1.5 meters or less are cut off to promote straight trunk growth.
2.5 Seedling shaping and pruning
Eucalyptus canopies are nearly spherical, tree-shaped, and generally adopt natural trees. Due to different uses, their plastic requirements are also different. Road tree seedlings are required to be trunk straight, the first branch height is 2.5 to 3.5 meters, the crown is full and the branches are distributed evenly and developed. Ting Yinshu requests that the crown be large and dense. The first branch height is lower than the street tree. Relevant pruning measures should be taken around the above requirements, which can generally be carried out in winter or at the time of transplantation.
2.6 Pest Control
The main disease of eucalyptus is gummy disease, which can be sprayed with lime sulfur before spraying in the early spring. It is sprayed once every 10 days and sprayed twice to kill the overwintering bacteria. Onset of spraying chlorothalonil or carbendazim 800 to 1000 times liquid.
The eucalyptus pests are worms, which can be buryed in the roots with 15% aldicarb granules. The dry diameter of the trees is 1 to 2 grams per cm. After the soil is covered, they are watered; or they are filled with dimethoate EC. The dry diameter is about 1.5 kg per cm. Conduct prevention and treatment. There are also six-star black spotted leopard caterpillar moths, which can be sprayed at the larval hatching introgression stage. See insecticidal 1000-fold solution, or use imidacloprid 2000-fold solution and other systemic agents for prevention and treatment. P. erythropolis mainly damages the xylem, and the eggs are produced in the gaps between the debilitating branches of the bark. After the larvae hatch, they feed on the phloem. After the larvae resumed their activities in the spring of the following year, they continued to feed from the cortex to the surface of the xylem, forming a short, oval ellipse at the beginning and a depression in the middle. After June, the central section of the tunnel entered the xylem and the road was irregular. Afterwards, the larvae hunted food from the top to the bottom of the tree trunk, forming curved and irregular holes in the trunk. Some of the holes were as long as 50 cm. Carefully observe that there is often a large amount of excreted reddish brown dung outside the trunk borehole and on the ground. Optional insecticides can be used for dry injection.
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