Genomic research on important crops such as rice has progressed smoothly

Under the support of the National 863 Program, the genome research of important crops such as rice has progressed smoothly. After the completion of indica whole genome sequencing and indica chromosome 4 sequencing independently, the results were published in Science and Nature, and disease resistance (bleached Diseases, rice blast, salt tolerance, drought resistance, efficient use of nitrogen and phosphorus, tillers, crisp stems, stem elongation, adventitious root growth, etc. A series of clones of important agronomic traits with potential application value have achieved breakthroughs and 107 functions have been obtained. Definitive genes, 18 functional genes with promising applications in the improvement of high-quality, high-yield, and stress-resistant varieties. The Institute of Genetics and Development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated with the China National Rice Research Institute and other institutes. Using map-based cloning to clone and control the MOC1 gene was the first time in China in the past 20 years to clone functional genes with important agronomic shapes of main crops with independent intellectual property rights.

The successful development of the world's first rice genome-wide chip contains information on 55,791 unique genes. The genomic microarray was used to study the gene expression profiles of rice seedlings, seedlings at the tillering stage, and roots, heading stage, and ear stages at the filling stage. The expression characteristics of different types of genes in different organs were analyzed in detail. Rice and rice were also compared. The Arabidopsis genome shares the characteristics of homologous and specific genes in related organs. At the same time, a total of 180,000 individual T-DNA-introduced rice regenerated strains have been obtained, with mutant strains of plant type, fertility, growth stage, tiller, plant height, resistance to pests and diseases, and stress resistance; initial establishment of rice mutants The database; large-scale selection of T1 mutant families, obtained a batch of morphological mutations and drought-resistant, disease-resistant mutants; completed 10,000 T-DNA inserted flanking sequence sequencing work. The establishment and improvement of research platforms such as mutant libraries and rice genome-wide chips have laid a good foundation for the functional gene research of rice and other crops in China and molecular design of rice. These major achievements and progress have further established China's leading position in world rice science and technology.

Transcription factors related to epidermis hair differentiation and elongation were isolated from cotton and verified by the transgenic plants that they can initiate the initiation and elongation of epidermal hairs on the seeds of plants, and applied for these two genes and tables. The coat-specific promoter is patented. This work has made China's cotton molecular biology research work ahead of the world. These two genes are expected to obtain transgenic cotton lines with improved cotton fiber yield and quality during the fifteenth period.

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