1. The use of rams for breeding and management of breeding rams has a great influence on the herds. The breeding of rams must be meticulous and thoughtful, so that it is neither fat nor thin. It is kept in the middle and upper sensations all year round. It is robust, lively, energetic and sexually active. The ram's feed requires high nutritional value, good palatability, and easy digestion. Suitable concentrates include peas, soybeans, corn, sorghum, bean cake and wheat bran. Carrots and squash are used for succulent feeds. The best breeding of rams is the combination of grazing and house-feeding. Grazing is the main method in the grassy period, and it is the main mode of feeding in the lower grass period. In addition to grazing in the non-breeding period, the spring can be used to supply 400-600 grams of mixed concentrate, 0.5 kilograms of carrots, 3 kilograms of hay, 5-10 grams of salt, 5 grams of bone meal, and 1-2 times of drinking water. The breeding period can be divided into the preparation period (1-1.5 months before the breeding) and the breeding period (1 to 1.5 months after the breeding). The preparation period should be gradually increased the amount of concentrate, according to the breeding period of 60% -70% of the amount of feeding. In addition to grazing during the breeding period, the amount of feed supplement is roughly: 0.8-1.2 kg of concentrate, 0.5-1.0 kg of carrot, 2 kg of hay, 15-20 g of salt, 5-10 g of bone meal, and 2-3 forage . During the rejuvenation period after mating, the fine material is not reduced at the initial stage, and the grazing time is increased. After a certain period of time, the fine material is gradually reduced. 2. Breeding of breeding ewes The breeding of breeding ewes can be divided into three phases: empty period, gestation period and lactation period. 2.1 Empty period Ewe feeding empty period Ewe are not pregnant, do not have no burden of lactation, so often overlooked. In fact, the nutritional status of the ewes directly affects the estrus, ovulation, and conception. Good nutrition, good body condition, ejaculate neat, ovulation more. Therefore, strengthening the feeding and management of ewe during the empty period, especially the breeding and management before mating, is crucial to improve the breeding ability of ewe. For individuals with poor body condition, short-term excellent feeding should be given to ensure that the sheep have the same sensation and the estrus is concentrated to facilitate breeding and lamb production. 2.2 Pregnancy Ewes The gestation period of the sheep is approximately 5 months. Pregnancy is divided into pre-pregnancy and late pregnancy. The pre-pregnancy period, which is the first 3 months of pregnancy, is due to the slower development of the fetus and the same nutrients as empty. In general, grazing in the green grass period can meet the nutritional needs without supplementation, and some hay should be added during the hay period. In the second trimester of pregnancy, which is the last 2 months of pregnancy, the fetus grows rapidly. This stage requires adequate feed nutrition and full price. If undernutrition affects the development of the fetus, the lamb's initial weight is small, the coat is sparse, the physiological function is not perfect, the body temperature regulation ability is poor, the resistance is weak, the survival rate of the lamb is low, and it is easy to die. The ewes should prevent early miscarriage in the early pregnancy, and should be considered in the later period around the miscarriage. Should avoid the flock of the sheep to eat moldy feed, drink water, prevent the flock from being frightened, can not catch up with the hurry, avoid crowding when entering and exiting the ring, there should be sufficient quantity of grass racks, troughs and sinks to prevent crowding caused by feeding abortion. 2.3 feeding and management of ewes during lactation Breast-feeding period of 3-4 months, divided into pre-lactation and post-lactation period. In the pre-lactation period, 2 months before the lactation period, the main nutrition of the lamb is dependent on breast milk. Breast milk is abundant and abundant, lambs grow fast, have good physique, have strong disease resistance, and have a high survival rate. Therefore, we must strengthen the feeding and management of ewes before lactation and promote their multiple lactation. The grazing alone cannot meet the needs of the ewes for lactation in the pre-lactation period, and must therefore be supplemented with fodder. The amount of supplement should be based on the body condition of the ewes and the number of lambs that are sucking. The single-born ewes produce 0.3-0.5 kilograms of supplements per day, 2 kilograms of hay, and 1.5 kilograms of juicy feed. The production of double lamb ewes 0.4-0.6 kg per day, 1 kg of hay, and 1.5 kg of juicy feed. One month after lambing, the ewe’s lactation peaked and gradually declined after 2 months and entered the late lactation period. At this time, the gastrointestinal function of the lamb has become more and more perfect, and the grass can be used in large quantities and the fine material can be crushed. It is no longer entirely dependent on the nutrition of breast milk. For ewes in the late period of lactation, grazing should be the main method, supplementary feeding should be supplemented, and supplementation should be gradually eliminated. 3. Lamb Breeding 3.1 Lamb Care Lambs During the development of the lambs, all organs of the body are not mature and have weak physique, poor adaptability, and are prone to death. In order to improve the survival rate of lambs and reduce the incidence of death, special care is required for lambs. 3.1.1 Warming and cold protection The newborn lamb has poor thermoregulatory capacity and is extremely sensitive to changes in outside temperature. Therefore, the newborn lamb must be kept warm and cold-proof. When the temperature is low, heating equipment should be installed on the ground to cover some warm insulation materials, such as soft hay, wheat straw, etc., and pay attention to check the doors and windows walls are closed, with or without thieves wind invasion. 3.1.2 eat good colostrum newborn lamb to ensure that within 30 minutes to eat colostrum, for the ewes postpartum milk or ewes postpartum death, can not eat their own mother's colostrum lamb, but also let it eat other The ewe's colostrum is otherwise difficult to survive. For mothers with strong mother ewes, the lambs are usually suckled after birth, but some ewes do not have experience in nursing lambs, they have poor motherhood, and they do not have to feed lambs after their birth. They must force manual feeding. That is, the ewes will be guaranteed and the lambs will be pushed to the breasts. The lamb will suck the milk. After a few times, the lambs will be able to eat the ewes' own milk. For lambs lacking breast milk, lambs should be found for the nanny. The ewe's milk can be applied to the lamb's head and hindquarters to confuse the olfactory sense of the ewes and prevent the nanny sheep from rejecting the lambs. After several times, the nanny sheep will Recognize breastfeeding. 3.1.3 Laying Lambs for Laying Ewes It is best to house the maternal postpartum for 15-20 days. During this time, the lambs eat more milk, and they need to eat milk almost every 1 hour. After 20 days, the number of lambs being sucked by the lambs decreased, and the lambs could be kept in the sheep's house. During the day, the ewes went out to graze and returned to milk once in the afternoon. 3.1.4 Manual Nursing If the ewes die after giving birth, develop breast infections, or have excessive lambs and find no suitable babysitter, artificial breast-feeding can be used. Artificial milk can be replaced with fresh milk, goat milk, milk powder, soymilk, etc. Fresh milk is best. When milk powder is used to feed lambs, it should be dissolved with a small amount of warm boiled water and then heated to prevent good milk powder from being used. pimple. Add some cod liver oil, carrot juice, a variety of vitamins, a small amount of salt and bone meal. The key to artificial breastfeeding is to master the five links of temperature, concentration, feeding amount, frequency and sanitation. 3.1.5 Timely feeding of ewes The amount of lactation can't meet their nutritional needs gradually as the lamb grows rapidly and must be supplemented. Generally, the lamb starts to grass about 15 days after birth. At this time, some tender grass and leaves should be fed. During the dry season, some high quality hay can be fed. It is better to grind it when feeding the concentrate, and it is best to fry it and add the appropriate amount of salt and bone meal. When adding succulent feed, it should be cut into filaments and mixed with the concentrate before feeding. The amount of supplement can be arranged as follows: 15 to 30 days old lambs, 50-75 grams of supplemented concentrates per day, 100 grams for 1-2 months, 200 grams for 2-3 months, and supplements for 3-4 months 250 grams, each lamb needs 10-15 kilograms of concentrate at 4 months of lactation. The supplement to the grass can be unlimited, allowing it to feed. 3.2 Lambs The weaned lambs are generally weaned between 3 and 4 months. In sheep farms with good conditions, they can be weaned at 1.5-2 months of age when they are frequently planted throughout the year. We can adopt the method of weaning without leaving the circle and weaning without leaving the group, that is, the lambs in the original sheep house are kept in the circle to keep the original environment as far as possible, and feed the original feed, so as not to influence the growth and development of the lamb due to weaning, and the lamb after weaning should be strengthened. Supplementary feeding. 4. The sheep's fattening and fattening sheep's fine or coarse material should be diversified to improve palatability. When starting fattening, there should be an adaptation period of 10-15 days. Drink plenty of water, give more grass, and feed less. Gradually increase the concentrate. The feed can be fed 3 times, with regular rations. It is better to be fine after the first time and better after the first time. 5. Prevention and control of common diseases in goats 5.1 Adhere to the “prevention oriented†approach, strengthen feeding and management, do a good job of environmental sanitation, and periodically implement insecticides and other comprehensive control measures. Sheds and sheep collars should be kept clean and dry. 5.2 Do a good job in the sheep's living area The health sheep house is commonly used 10-20% lime milk and 20% bleaching powder solution, 100 poison solution to disinfect. Use 1 liter of liquid per square meter of area in the sheep house and spray the ground, wall and ceiling with a sprayer. Disinfection is generally performed once a month, and when the epidemic occurs, it is thoroughly disinfected once a week. 5.3 Regular insect repellent The insecticide is generally used twice a year in the spring and autumn, that is, each time the insects are dewormed from April to May and from October to November. 5.4 Spring medicine bath To prevent warts and ticks from being able to use a medicinal bath method, the medicinal bath solution can be used to cleanse the net. The initial bath concentration is 250 mg/kg, and the supplement liquid is 750 mg/kg. 5.5 Common Diseases of Goats 5.5.1 Lamb Diarrhea Diarrhea, also known as diarrhea, ferret, jaundice or E. coli, is caused by E. coli. It mainly harms lambs within 2 weeks of age. The diseased sheep was depressed, bowed and bowed, followed by persistent diarrhea and fecal odor. It started as a paste and became a watery sample, mixed with blisters, mucus, or blood. In the late stage of the disease, anal incontinence, weakness, dehydration, and lying in the ground can often cause death within 1-2 days. Medication: The initial use of a laxative (sodium sulphate 2-3 g, dissolved in 30-40 ml of water, once orally; or fed with castor oil 5-10 ml) to clean the stomach, with oxytetracycline 0.2-0.3 g Add equal amounts of pepsin and water, 2 times a day, even for several days. 5.5.2 Goat parasites The ectoparasites of sheep are mainly fleas and ticks; the main parasites are mainly wired worms, aphids, etc. In that year, lambs should be given intramuscular injections of disinfectants to drive off internal and external parasites in July and August, and propibromide can also be used to repel insects. In combination with the use of sheep manure accumulation to ferment and kill eggs, it can prevent sheep from being repeatedly infected with parasites.
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