How is the amount of fertilizer applied to the crop determined?

Reporter: Professor Chen, you once said that determining the amount of fertilizer is the core issue of fertilization technology. How do you understand this sentence?

Experts: This shows that determining fertilization is the most important factor in fertilizing techniques. If the amount of fertilizer is too high, fertilizer waste will become a foregone conclusion, and other fertilization techniques will no longer be reasonable; on the contrary, if the amount of fertilizer is insufficient, it will be difficult to obtain high yields. Of course, this does not mean that other fertilization techniques are not important.

Reporter: So, how to use scientific methods to determine the amount of fertilizer applied to crops?

Experts: There are many ways to determine the amount of fertilizer. One of them is now introduced, which is called the target yield method, also called nutrient balance method. It is the basis for supplementing nutrients by the difference between the amount of nutrients needed to achieve the target crop and the nutrient content of the soil supply. If converted into fertilization, it is also divided by nutrient content in fertilizer and fertilizer utilization in the current season. The advantages of this method are relatively simple and convenient, but the key to determining the amount of fertilizer is the determination of various parameters.

Reporter: Prof. Chen, how should these parameters be determined?

Experts: First of all, it is very important to determine the target output. The method to determine the target output is based on the average output of the previous three years, plus an increase of 10% to 15%. Increasing production reflects the progress of science and technology and can be achieved through hard work.

Reporter: Professor Chen, how is the parameter of soil nutrient supply determined?

Experts: The method for determining soil nutrient supply is to measure the content of soil available nutrient, then multiplied by a conversion factor of 0.15 (mg/kg converted to kg/mu) and multiplied by the soil nutrient utilization coefficient, because the soil nutrients in the plough layer cannot be in season 100% is absorbed by crops.

Reporter: How is the parameter of nutrient absorption per unit of crop production determined?

Expert: This parameter can be found in a professional book, which refers to the amount of nutrients absorbed by different crops to produce 100 kg of economic output. Of course, different varieties of the same crop may have some differences, but they still have some reference value.

Reporter: Is nutrient content in fertilizers obtained by laboratory tests?

Experts: In general, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers have a fixed nutrient content and do not require testing. However, due to the great difference in quality, the phosphate fertilizer produced by the soil method must be determined through laboratory tests to determine its nutrient content as a basis for calculating the amount of fertilizer.

Reporter: Professor Chen, the last parameter - how to determine the utilization of fertilizer in the season?

Experts: Because there are many factors affecting fertilizer utilization in production, the utilization rate of fertilizers in the current season tends to change a lot and it is difficult to determine accurately. However, the information accumulated over the years can be used for reference. In general, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is about 35%, phosphorus fertilizer is 10%-25%, and potassium fertilizer is 40%-50%.

Reporter: According to the method provided by you to calculate the amount of fertilizer can guide fertilizer?

Experts: In general, as long as the parameters are reliable, the fertilizing amount determined by the target yield method can guide fertilization. Farmers' friends should continue to accumulate experience and make fertilizers more reasonable.

It should be noted that the amount of fertilization determined by this method is only the amount of chemical fertilizer. If there is a large amount of organic fertilizer, a portion of nitrogen should be appropriately deducted from the amount of fertilizer to avoid excess nitrogen.

Expert tips

The target yield, also known as the nutrient balance method, is the method recommended by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization for determining the amount of fertilizer applied.

The practical value of the target output depends on whether the determination of multiple parameters is realistic and scientific. (Chen Lun-Shou)

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