Corn not only has the characteristics of high yield, large production potential, wide adaptability and low production cost, but also has many types of maize, adapting to various ecological environments and cultivation conditions. It can be used for spring, summer and autumn sowing. It can be used as a net crop or intercropping with crops such as wheat, beans and potatoes, and it is the main crop that increases the total yield per unit area.
First, choose high-yield and high-quality varieties
There are many varieties and types of corn, and the best high-yield varieties are selected based on local natural conditions, soil conditions, and cultivation systems. The use of improved varieties can result in better yields even without increasing labor and fertilizers.
Second, according to the local cultivation system to determine the best way to plant
Most of the areas in Linxiang District adopt the intercropping pattern of net seed or interplanting corn with beans.
Third, timely sowing
According to the local climatic conditions, the cultivation system, species characteristics and other factors are taken into consideration to determine the most suitable sowing date.
(A) Temperature: The soil temperature is stable above 10-12°C, sowing prematurely, low soil temperature, seed germination is slow, growth is weak, irregular, and seedlings are severe. Delayed sowing, rapid growth and development, short vegetative growth, and unfavorable high yields.
(b) sowing methods: generally in the drilling, nesting, transplanting seedlings and other ways. Transplanting seedlings can best cultivate strong seedlings, shorten the growing period of the field, fully coordinate early maturing and high yield, and contradict the increase in production between the season and the whole year. Intercropping can be used to fill the gaps and weaknesses, and it has great advantages.
Fourth, reasonable dense planting
Reasonable dense planting is a reasonable group structure of maize from the seedling stage to the mature stage, which is to coordinate the contradiction between individuals and groups, aboveground and underground, and between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The group develops moderately, individual development is well, and the key measures for obtaining high yield of corn by fully utilizing the light energy and the ground force. The density is determined according to the variety, soil fertility conditions, and cultivation system. General large ear type, late-maturing varieties, spring sowing and interplanting, soil fertility is higher, generally 3800-4000 acres per plant. If it is early maturing varieties, compact, summer broadcast net, generally more than 4500 acres.
Fifth, the election of plastic mulching
Corn mulching is a new technology to increase production and income. Cover film can increase 75-150 kilograms per acre compared to open cultivation, and increase production by 20-50%. The main reasons for increasing production are: increasing temperature and moisturizing, moisturizing and preventing drought, inhibiting weeds to promote microbial activity, changing the ecological environment, and promoting the decomposition of organic nutrients and root growth.
Corn mulch 0.8-0.9 meters wide, a film cover 2 rows of corn, emergence of ruptured membrane, seedling pressure soil, drought can cover the film, broken film sowing, covering soil, can also emerge after the cover film.
Sixth, strengthen field management
(1) Seedling management: It is mainly through the promotion of control measures to promote the development of roots, control the growth of the aboveground, cultivate strong seedlings, and achieve seedlings full, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang, laying the foundation for the robust growth and good development of the ear grain phase. The main measures are: breaking the soil to prevent drought, helping the seedlings to be unearthed, supplementing the seedlings, interplanting and fixing the seedlings, cultivating and weeding, topdressing and watering, and controlling pests (tiger tigers, earthworms, earthworms, corn borers, armyworms, etc.).
(2) Management at the ear stage: The period of spike is the period of vegetative growth of maize stems and leaves and the reproductive growth of male and female ear differentiation and development. It is the period with the most absorption of fertilizer and water. During this period, the management of fertilizer and water was strengthened, and the fertilizer and water supply were coordinated to achieve the control of stems and spikes. The plants were robust, the roots were well developed, and the roots of the leaves were dark. The leaves were dark green and the leaves were strong and vigorous. The main measure is: skillfully applying joint fertilizer. If there is no fertilizer in the seedling stage, the spring maize with poor growth, or the summer maize with short growth period and the intercropping maize with insufficient base fertilizer and weak intercropping, the jointing fertilizer and the panicle fertilizer are both equal. For the base fertilizer, seedlings sufficient, growing strong, dark green leaves of corn, can not apply fertilizer, in the big bell season focus on panicle fertilizer, that is, attack the spike and the three-leaf clover, but also to prevent the base section too long and Lodging occurred. Topdressing combines cultivating soil with cultivators to deeply bury fertilizers and reduce nutrient losses.
(3) Granular management: After vegetative growth, the vegetative growth of the plant was basically on the upper side, and the flowering pollination and grain filling were all transferred into the reproductive growth. At this time, the maximum leaf area, 90-95% of the grain weight depends on the accumulation of leaves and photosynthesis after pollination. This period requires a long period of stabilization of the green leaf area, vigorous root activity, delicate plants, and robustness, preventing premature aging of leaves and roots. The specific measures are: supplementing grain fertilizer, which accounts for about 10% of the total fertilizer amount. Artificial detasseling takes place before the powder is released. The emaphores may be interlaced or septa, leaving weak and strong, and the number is not more than 1/3. Artificially assisted pollination can increase pollination opportunities, reduce baldness and lack of grain, and increase seed setting rate.
Seven, timely harvest
Corn kernels to the wax ripening period, the grain becomes harder, the stems and leaves turn yellow, the temporal lobe is dry and can be harvested. Premature harvesting affects the fullness of grain; harvesting is too late, stems break, and the ear touches the ground, prone to mildew, germination, and affects yield. It is advisable to harvest in a timely manner.
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