I. Checking why the advanced angle of oil supply is to be used When checking the fuel supply advance angle with standard pipes, the test tube method is now widely used. Practice has proved that the size of the inner diameter of the test tube has a great influence on the measurement accuracy. If the inner diameter of the glass tube is greater than 2mm, due to the excessive oil column in the tube, the oil surface fluctuation is reflected too late, the measured oil supply advance angle is smaller than the actual oil supply advance angle, and the oil supply is earlier; when the inner diameter of the glass tube is less than 1mm, the glass tube inner diameter is less than 1mm. The oil column is too fine and the oil surface fluctuations are reflected too quickly. The measured fuel advance angle is greater than the actual fuel advance angle and the oil supply is late. Therefore, when checking the advance angle of fuel supply, the standard tube used should have an inner diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm, and its length should not exceed 35 mm. Second, the correct angle of fuel supply to correct the advance angle, can increase engine power, fuel consumption. Therefore, the advance angle of fuel supply should be adjusted within the specified range, and winter should be greater than summer. For example, the advanced fuel supply angle of the 195 diesel engine in winter and summer should be 19 and 17, respectively. An engine with a rated speed of 2000r/min and a power of 8.8kW, if the fuel supply advance angle is 17, the fuel consumption is 265.2g/kWh; if the fuel supply advance is late to top 10, the fuel consumption is as high as 476g/kWh. If the fuel advance is advanced to 28 before top dead center, the fuel consumption is 282.9g/kWh. Third, the air filter reliable air filter role is to ensure that the engine has enough clean air. For every 1kg of diesel that the engine burns, 14kg of air is required. When the tractor is cultivating, the dust content in the air is generally 15.2g/m3 and more during the harvesting operation. If the air filter does not work, the 8.8kW tractor will inhale 145g of dust per hour. The cylinder liner, piston rings, pistons, main bearings, and connecting rod shoes will increase the normal wearing amount of 434, 526, 385, 556 respectively. 435 times. IV. Extending the service life of the locomotive The deterioration of the technical state of the machine during use is unavoidable, but the speed of deterioration of the technical state can be controlled by necessary measures. For example, the matching of the crankshaft journal and the bearing shell needs a relatively small clearance that can normally operate, so that it has a large margin from the limit clearance, which can delay the deterioration of the technical state, that is, prolong the service life. For example, the initial clearance of connecting rod journals and bushes of the 195 type diesel engine is 0.07mm, and the specified limit clearance is 0.3mm. It can no longer be used beyond this gap, that is, the margin from the limit is 0.23mm. Under normal circumstances, diesel engine work 150h, increase the gap 0.01mm. If the initial gap due to improper assembly, from 0.07mm increased to 0.10mm, that is shortened the service life of 450h. 5. Downhill slopes are not allowed to glide through the air on a downhill slide of a tractor, causing serious accidents. When the tractor has a mass of 1700 kg and a grade angle of 15 the tractor produces a 4400N glide force that can overcome the drag and propel the tractor wheels down. In the case of no picking, the engine can act as a brake to control the speed of the slide; if the air is coasting, the engine loses its control. Under the effect of the sliding force, the tractor will slide faster and faster with a certain acceleration. The inertial brake is difficult to control and can cause accidents. 6. Safety Lateral Distance Safety lateral spacing refers to a certain safety distance maintained by the vehicle when traveling with other forward or reverse vehicles, pedestrians and obstacles. The lateral spacing of safety varies according to different road conditions, climate, visibility, and other factors. It has been proved that the distance between cars is slow, the distance between cars is wide, and there is no space for parking. The lateral distance between agricultural vehicles and stationary obstacles may be smaller, and the lateral distance to the moving objects must be larger. When the vehicle speed is 35km/h, the safety lateral distance should be maintained at about 1m; when the vehicle speed is 10km/h, the safety lateral spacing is about 0.6m. When the speed is 35km/h and the retrograde locomotive meets, the safety lateral spacing should be 0.8 to 1m. Seventh, maintain the battery does not lose electricity, and often in the fully charged state. With the increase of the degree of discharge, the density of the electrolyte will decrease. Therefore, although increasing the density of the electrolyte, there is no guarantee that the battery will not freeze. For example, in the northeastern part of China, the minimum temperature in winter sometimes reaches -41°C, and the electrolyte density should be 1.31ka/L. However, when the battery discharges 50%, the electrolyte density drops to 1.23kg/L, which means that At discharge of 50%, the electrolyte still has the risk of freezing. Therefore, the extent of battery discharge in winter should not exceed 50%. In winter, check the storage condition of the battery frequently. If the battery is low, it should be charged in time. 8. Increasing the temperature of the electrolyte The temperature of the electrolyte has a great influence on the capacity of the battery. When the ambient temperature decreases by 1°C, the capacity decreases by approximately 1% to 2%. If the capacity at 30°C is 100%, then only -40% of the original capacity at -18°C. To increase the density of the electrolyte, the vehicle can be parked indoors, or the battery can be removed and moved into the room above 0°C; if the battery is not removed from the car, a double-layered thermobox can be made of wood and 20mm in the sandwich. Thick felt, glass fiber and other insulation materials, this can improve the battery capacity. Author: Heilongjiang Province Agricultural Machinery Maintenance Institute, Heilongjiang Province Qing'an Agricultural Machinery Station
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