(1) sowing seedlings. The cultivation of pepper greenhouses in winter and spring in Fujian is generally planted from late September to late October. The young seedlings of peppers need to be sown to save labor and cultivate strong seedlings.
1 seedbed selection. Seed beds should be selected for planting solanaceous crops, medium-fertility above ground, high drainage, convenient drainage and irrigation, sandy soil with good soil aggregate structure, and sunny plots.
2 seed processing. Refer to the tomato seed treatment method.
3 sowing method. Sowing can be used for seeding, drilling and seedlings in nutritious soil. Spread the seeds evenly on the seedbed when spreading, and cover 1 cm thick fine soil or medicinal soil. When seedlings are drilled, they should first open a shallow shallow ditch with a depth of 8 cm on the seedbed, and then sow the seeds in the shallow ditch, covering 1 cm of fine soil or medicinal soil. The cover soil should be uniform and not too thin or thick. The cover soil is too thin. When the seedlings are seedlings, the seed coats are often not taken off and the caps (or the top shells) are unearthed. The cotyledons are trapped by the seed coats and cannot be expanded, which seriously impedes photosynthesis. After sowing, cover the straw or shade net and then water it to avoid soil compaction and cause difficulty in seedling emergence. Cover the plastic film after sowing in cold weather to facilitate the emergence of seedlings and strong seedlings as soon as possible. If seedling trays are used for sowing, a 3 cm thick nutrient soil or substrate is spread in the pan, then watered and then sowed, and finally covered with 1 cm thick culture soil or substrate. Such as using peat, vermiculite and other substrates to be compacted to prevent the seeds from wearing caps.
Generally bed soil temperature is maintained at 25-30 °C to promote the emergence of pepper germination. When the emergence of 60% -70%, should promptly remove the straw, mulch and other coverings.
4 Seedling management. Seedlings unearthed to the cotyledon unfolded, the true leaves exposed the heart, such as the excessive temperature too much water; seedlings easy to grow. When the two cotyledons are fully stretched, proper ventilation, cooling, and water control can be performed. The daytime bed temperature is generally maintained at 23-25°C and maintained at 15-17°C during the night. In order to ensure the whole seedlings, the seeding rate is often too much, coupled with uneven sowing, it is easy to cause the phenomenon of squeezing seedlings, resulting in leggy seedlings, forming high seedlings and weak seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to establish seedlings at this stage and pay attention to the elimination of seedlings and deformed seedlings. Keeping seedling distance is based on the principle of being uncrowded and shading. Take care to prevent the occurrence of damping-off.
When the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, seedlings should be divided in time to expand the seedlings' nutritional area, improve light conditions, and promote lateral root growth. When the seedlings are too late, the seedlings are crowded and prone to leggy. The distance between seedlings is 6 cm square. Keep the daytime temperature at 20-25°C after seedlings and 13-15°C at night. After easing the seedlings, the seedlings shall be irrigated once, and the cultivator shall prevent soil compaction, and the cultivator shall have a depth of 2-3 cm. If fertilizers are found to be insufficient, apply 0.3% urea or 0.2% ammonium sulfate solution. One week before colonization, one-time delivery of fertilizers may be applied depending on the specific conditions, and one drug may be administered. Each 1/15 hectare (1 acre) is followed by 1,000 kg of diluted fecal water or 0.3-0.6% urea, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or superphosphate can be sprayed to promote the healthy growth of pepper seedlings.
(2) Whole planting. 3-15 days before planting, it must be cleared. The sicknesses of the former crops should all be cleared out of the field. For comprehensive management of continuous cropping areas, watering, ditching, high temperature, and disinfection can be used for disinfection.
Deep plowing before drying. When the soil preparation is done, the base fertilizer is applied, and the planting width is generally 1.4 meters wide, with two rows per planting plant. Basal fertilizer is applied to 1000-1500 kilograms of mature manure per 1/15 hectare (1 acre) (addition of 30-40 kg compound fertilizer or other organic compound fertilizer, organic bacteria fertilizer, etc.), or about 10 days before planting, 1/15 hectare (1 acre) applies 100 kg of cooked rapeseed cake, 20 kg of potassium chloride, 20 kg of urea, spread evenly in the middle of the gutter, and then turns it into a turtle-shaped sorghum. The surface should be flattened and covered with a mulch. Cover the top membrane of the greenhouse to be planted. The use of deep trenches and high ridge cultivation can reduce the occurrence and harm of pepper-borne soil diseases.
For the more serious grassland damage, use 48% trifluralin 150g water 50kg per 1/15 hectares (1 acre) evenly on the surface of the mulching film, evenly sprayed on the surface, and then quickly turn the topsoil immediately after spraying. 3 cm to prevent fluocin from photolysis. With trifluralin-treated plots, grass damage is greatly reduced.
In the greenhouse, the selection of winter chili peppers was planted at the end of August to the beginning of September. The seedlings were planted with flower buds for about 30 days. The temperature during the planting period is relatively high, so it should be done after 3 o'clock on a cloudy or sunny day.
Pepper winter and spring greenhouse cultivation is generally planted in late December to late January. At this time, the temperature is low, and it is necessary to choose warm and sunny weather when planting. When planting should not be too deep, when the mulching film is planted, the mulching of the mulching film at the planting site should be as small as possible, which will help to improve the ground temperature. After planting, the root water should be poured once. The density of colonization varies from species to species. Generally, 1800-2500 plants are planted per 1/15 hectare (1 acre).
(3) fertilizer and water management. At the time of planting, if the ground temperature is low, use a pot to water the hole. When the soil temperature rises to 20°C in 10cm, pour water once. When the first fruit of the seedlings begins to inflate, combined with watering, 1/15 hectares (1 mu) will be applied with about 1500 kg of dilute manure or 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of superphosphate, or compound fertilizer 40 kilogram. It can be applied between plant lines or between rows, combined with earth. At the end of the result, when entering the “Jiao Jiaoâ€, the temperature and ground temperature in the greenhouse increased, and the fruit growth and the fruiting of the plants gradually required more fertilizer. Generally, the water was poured once every 5-7 days, and once every 10-15 days. Each time 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer and 3-4 kg of urea are recovered.
(4) Temperature and humidity control. After 3-5 days of colonization, the plants are generally not ventilated, so that the room temperature is kept at 25-30°C during the day to facilitate the early emergence of seedlings. After the normal growth of seedlings, the room temperature should be maintained at about 25 °C. If it is higher than 30°C, it can be slightly ventilated and cooled. If it is lower than 25°C, it will stop the insulation of the ventilating cover film. The nighttime room temperature should be 15-20°C. If the night temperature is lower than 15°C, in addition to covering the straw curtain, a small shed should be added to the greenhouse. The small greenhouse film was removed during the day and covered at night so that the minimum temperature at room temperature could be kept above 15°C. Less than 15 °C during the day and above 35 °C, affecting pollination and falling.
When greenhouses are cultivated in winter and spring, the air humidity in the greenhouse facilities is large, and attention must be paid to the adjustment of the humidity environment.
(5) Remove lateral buds. Chili pepper sometimes produces many lateral buds below the first tiller. These lateral buds should be removed, otherwise it will consume nutrients and inhibit the growth of the branches at the top of the plant. Collaterals should be removed when the plants are small to avoid damaging the plants.
(6) Prevent falling flowers and falling fruit. In winter, the room temperature is low. Too low temperatures can cause poor pollination and fertilization, causing flowering and malformation. To prevent flowering and malformation, flowers are treated with hormones within two days before and after flowering.
(7) Pest control. The main diseases of pepper are anthracnose, epidemic disease, bacterial wilt, gray mold, virus disease, etc. The insect pests mainly include aphids, whitefly, cotton bollworm, 28-spot ladybug, and so on. Attention should be paid to timely prevention and control.
(8) Harvesting. The pepper fruit has grown fully and the flesh is thick, solid, deep in colour and harvested when it is shiny. Specific recovery criteria should be based on market requirements.
1 seedbed selection. Seed beds should be selected for planting solanaceous crops, medium-fertility above ground, high drainage, convenient drainage and irrigation, sandy soil with good soil aggregate structure, and sunny plots.
2 seed processing. Refer to the tomato seed treatment method.
3 sowing method. Sowing can be used for seeding, drilling and seedlings in nutritious soil. Spread the seeds evenly on the seedbed when spreading, and cover 1 cm thick fine soil or medicinal soil. When seedlings are drilled, they should first open a shallow shallow ditch with a depth of 8 cm on the seedbed, and then sow the seeds in the shallow ditch, covering 1 cm of fine soil or medicinal soil. The cover soil should be uniform and not too thin or thick. The cover soil is too thin. When the seedlings are seedlings, the seed coats are often not taken off and the caps (or the top shells) are unearthed. The cotyledons are trapped by the seed coats and cannot be expanded, which seriously impedes photosynthesis. After sowing, cover the straw or shade net and then water it to avoid soil compaction and cause difficulty in seedling emergence. Cover the plastic film after sowing in cold weather to facilitate the emergence of seedlings and strong seedlings as soon as possible. If seedling trays are used for sowing, a 3 cm thick nutrient soil or substrate is spread in the pan, then watered and then sowed, and finally covered with 1 cm thick culture soil or substrate. Such as using peat, vermiculite and other substrates to be compacted to prevent the seeds from wearing caps.
Generally bed soil temperature is maintained at 25-30 °C to promote the emergence of pepper germination. When the emergence of 60% -70%, should promptly remove the straw, mulch and other coverings.
4 Seedling management. Seedlings unearthed to the cotyledon unfolded, the true leaves exposed the heart, such as the excessive temperature too much water; seedlings easy to grow. When the two cotyledons are fully stretched, proper ventilation, cooling, and water control can be performed. The daytime bed temperature is generally maintained at 23-25°C and maintained at 15-17°C during the night. In order to ensure the whole seedlings, the seeding rate is often too much, coupled with uneven sowing, it is easy to cause the phenomenon of squeezing seedlings, resulting in leggy seedlings, forming high seedlings and weak seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to establish seedlings at this stage and pay attention to the elimination of seedlings and deformed seedlings. Keeping seedling distance is based on the principle of being uncrowded and shading. Take care to prevent the occurrence of damping-off.
When the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, seedlings should be divided in time to expand the seedlings' nutritional area, improve light conditions, and promote lateral root growth. When the seedlings are too late, the seedlings are crowded and prone to leggy. The distance between seedlings is 6 cm square. Keep the daytime temperature at 20-25°C after seedlings and 13-15°C at night. After easing the seedlings, the seedlings shall be irrigated once, and the cultivator shall prevent soil compaction, and the cultivator shall have a depth of 2-3 cm. If fertilizers are found to be insufficient, apply 0.3% urea or 0.2% ammonium sulfate solution. One week before colonization, one-time delivery of fertilizers may be applied depending on the specific conditions, and one drug may be administered. Each 1/15 hectare (1 acre) is followed by 1,000 kg of diluted fecal water or 0.3-0.6% urea, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or superphosphate can be sprayed to promote the healthy growth of pepper seedlings.
(2) Whole planting. 3-15 days before planting, it must be cleared. The sicknesses of the former crops should all be cleared out of the field. For comprehensive management of continuous cropping areas, watering, ditching, high temperature, and disinfection can be used for disinfection.
Deep plowing before drying. When the soil preparation is done, the base fertilizer is applied, and the planting width is generally 1.4 meters wide, with two rows per planting plant. Basal fertilizer is applied to 1000-1500 kilograms of mature manure per 1/15 hectare (1 acre) (addition of 30-40 kg compound fertilizer or other organic compound fertilizer, organic bacteria fertilizer, etc.), or about 10 days before planting, 1/15 hectare (1 acre) applies 100 kg of cooked rapeseed cake, 20 kg of potassium chloride, 20 kg of urea, spread evenly in the middle of the gutter, and then turns it into a turtle-shaped sorghum. The surface should be flattened and covered with a mulch. Cover the top membrane of the greenhouse to be planted. The use of deep trenches and high ridge cultivation can reduce the occurrence and harm of pepper-borne soil diseases.
For the more serious grassland damage, use 48% trifluralin 150g water 50kg per 1/15 hectares (1 acre) evenly on the surface of the mulching film, evenly sprayed on the surface, and then quickly turn the topsoil immediately after spraying. 3 cm to prevent fluocin from photolysis. With trifluralin-treated plots, grass damage is greatly reduced.
In the greenhouse, the selection of winter chili peppers was planted at the end of August to the beginning of September. The seedlings were planted with flower buds for about 30 days. The temperature during the planting period is relatively high, so it should be done after 3 o'clock on a cloudy or sunny day.
Pepper winter and spring greenhouse cultivation is generally planted in late December to late January. At this time, the temperature is low, and it is necessary to choose warm and sunny weather when planting. When planting should not be too deep, when the mulching film is planted, the mulching of the mulching film at the planting site should be as small as possible, which will help to improve the ground temperature. After planting, the root water should be poured once. The density of colonization varies from species to species. Generally, 1800-2500 plants are planted per 1/15 hectare (1 acre).
(3) fertilizer and water management. At the time of planting, if the ground temperature is low, use a pot to water the hole. When the soil temperature rises to 20°C in 10cm, pour water once. When the first fruit of the seedlings begins to inflate, combined with watering, 1/15 hectares (1 mu) will be applied with about 1500 kg of dilute manure or 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, 10 kg of superphosphate, or compound fertilizer 40 kilogram. It can be applied between plant lines or between rows, combined with earth. At the end of the result, when entering the “Jiao Jiaoâ€, the temperature and ground temperature in the greenhouse increased, and the fruit growth and the fruiting of the plants gradually required more fertilizer. Generally, the water was poured once every 5-7 days, and once every 10-15 days. Each time 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer and 3-4 kg of urea are recovered.
(4) Temperature and humidity control. After 3-5 days of colonization, the plants are generally not ventilated, so that the room temperature is kept at 25-30°C during the day to facilitate the early emergence of seedlings. After the normal growth of seedlings, the room temperature should be maintained at about 25 °C. If it is higher than 30°C, it can be slightly ventilated and cooled. If it is lower than 25°C, it will stop the insulation of the ventilating cover film. The nighttime room temperature should be 15-20°C. If the night temperature is lower than 15°C, in addition to covering the straw curtain, a small shed should be added to the greenhouse. The small greenhouse film was removed during the day and covered at night so that the minimum temperature at room temperature could be kept above 15°C. Less than 15 °C during the day and above 35 °C, affecting pollination and falling.
When greenhouses are cultivated in winter and spring, the air humidity in the greenhouse facilities is large, and attention must be paid to the adjustment of the humidity environment.
(5) Remove lateral buds. Chili pepper sometimes produces many lateral buds below the first tiller. These lateral buds should be removed, otherwise it will consume nutrients and inhibit the growth of the branches at the top of the plant. Collaterals should be removed when the plants are small to avoid damaging the plants.
(6) Prevent falling flowers and falling fruit. In winter, the room temperature is low. Too low temperatures can cause poor pollination and fertilization, causing flowering and malformation. To prevent flowering and malformation, flowers are treated with hormones within two days before and after flowering.
(7) Pest control. The main diseases of pepper are anthracnose, epidemic disease, bacterial wilt, gray mold, virus disease, etc. The insect pests mainly include aphids, whitefly, cotton bollworm, 28-spot ladybug, and so on. Attention should be paid to timely prevention and control.
(8) Harvesting. The pepper fruit has grown fully and the flesh is thick, solid, deep in colour and harvested when it is shiny. Specific recovery criteria should be based on market requirements.
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Our external fixator product range covers main types of external fixator. We supply AO type fixator, Hoffman Fixator, Hybrid Fixator, Ilizarov Fixator, Orthofix Fixtor and Sanwei Fixtor. We also provide customization service to produce popular products in your market.
Our external fixator product range covers main types of external fixator. We supply AO type fixator, Hoffman Fixator, Hybrid Fixator, Ilizarov Fixator, Orthofix Fixtor and Sanwei Fixtor. We also provide customization service to produce popular products in your market.
Our external fixator product range covers main types of external fixator. We supply AO type fixator, Hoffman Fixator, Hybrid Fixator, Ilizarov Fixator, Orthofix Fixtor and Sanwei Fixtor. We also provide customization service to produce popular products in your market.
Our external fixator product range covers main types of external fixator. We supply AO type fixator, Hoffman Fixator, Hybrid Fixator, Ilizarov Fixator, Orthofix Fixtor and Sanwei Fixtor. We also provide customization service to produce popular products in your market.
Our external fixator product range covers main types of external fixator. We supply AO type fixator, Hoffman Fixator, Hybrid Fixator, Ilizarov Fixator, Orthofix Fixtor and Sanwei Fixtor. We also provide customization service to produce popular products in your market.
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