The cucumbers in the greenhouse are continuously replanted in the facility. Many kinds of diseases and insect pests are often caused and losses are serious. In addition to grasping the preventive measures for cucumber disease at the seedling stage and fostering disease-free and strong seedlings, it is also very important to take measures to prevent pests before and after the planting period. Before and after the planting period, the prevention and disinfection measures at the planting booth space, the soil in the greenhouse, the organic fertilizer to be applied, the “marrying medicine†and the planting ditch (hole) in the transplanted seedlings are described as follows: I. Pre-planting Space (shelf) disinfection. 1. Dichlorvos sulphate treatment: 2 to 3 days before planting, use 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate 300 to 400 ml + sulfur powder 2 to 3 kg per acre, add equal weight of sawdust and mix well. In the evening, in various places in the closed shed, the dark fire lit the fumigation overnight, and then was planted after releasing the air. It can prevent latent pathogens (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and pests in sheds. 2. Chlorothalonil smoke: 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent 200-250 grams per acre area, evening shed smoke treatment. Can prevent gray mold, anthrax, white powder, black stars and other fungal diseases. 3. Dichlorvos smoke: Use 22% dichlorvos smoke agent 300-500 grams per acre area, or use 80% dichlorvos EC 500 ml, add sawdust. The evening smoked overnight. Can control melon, whitefly and other potential pests. 4. Surface disinfection of the indoor rack pole film and other objects can be sprayed with 45% Daisen ammonium water solution 900 times, or 50% chloramphenicol wettable powder 500 times. Second, the disinfection of soil in the greenhouse before colonization. According to the species of zoology and pests in the soil, targeted soil disinfection is used before planting. In addition to making full use of greenhouses during the summer heat-off period for sterilizing high-temperature soils, the following disinfection methods are also available: 1. Methyl bromide fumigation: 98% methyl bromide in canned packages, 50 g per square meter recommended for soil sealing Disinfection (Strictly follow operating procedures to prevent poisoning). Can completely control root knot nematodes, a variety of harmful fungal pathogens, soil pests and weeds. 2. Formalin fumigation; in the ploughing soil, use 15 liters of liquid with 100% formalin per 100 square meters for spraying, and cover the membrane for 5 to 7 days in a timely manner. After the film is uncovered, it is tasteless and can be planted after 2 weeks if it is tasteless. Can control a variety of soil fax bacteria and bacterial sources. 3. To prevent the disinfection of pesticides with different fungal diseases: To prevent fusarium wilt, use 50% carbendazim WP 2 kg per mu, or 70% DK wettable powder 1.5 kg, or 1.5 kg of anti-mildew Po WP Infiltration of 50 kilograms of fine soil, evenly applied to the surface, and then plough the land. For the prevention of epidemics, 25% metalaxyl WP may be used 600 times, or 72.2% Preclosure 800 times, or 80% EB aluminum wettable powder 400 times to spray the ground. 1 to 2 liters of potable water per square meter. To prevent sclerotinia disease, use 15% of pentachloronitrobenzene per acre and 20 kg of mixed soil, mix and spread, and mix the soil with earthworms. To prevent powdery mildew, use 1 kg of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder per acre and 50 kg of mixed soil. Apply to the soil when planting. 4. Pesticide disinfection of root-knot nematodes: In addition to the use of methyl bromide fumigation, it is also possible to use 96% cotton wool (must-extinguish) microgranules 5-6 kg per mu, mixed with 50 kg of fine soil, uniformly spread and Earthworms are mixed into 20 cm soil layers with a soil moisture content of more than 40%. The soil surface is then sprinkled with water or covered with a membrane to keep it for 6 to 12 days (depending on the temperature of the soil). Afterwards, the soil must be fully raked and the air must be filled for more than 5 days to disperse the smell. Or use 1.8% of avermectin emulsifiable concentrate 1. Or use 10% blessing multigranules before transplanting, 1.5 to 2.0 kg per acre, spread evenly, and pound it over 20 centimeters of soil. Third, organic fertilizer disinfection. Before planting, the soil in the shed interior should be increased with organic fertilizer. However, organic fertilizers will breed potential pathogens and insect sources. In addition to adequate maturity. It is advisable to spray and mix insecticide 50% phoxim EC 100~200g and fungicide 50% carbendazim WP 100~200g per 1m2 before application. Then heap preparation. IV. Disinfection of "praying drugs" for transplanted seedlings: By using the seedling seedlings' centralized characteristics, spraying medicines before the transplanting can be used to control latent pathogens and potential pests on transplanted seedlings, and to prevent diseases at seedling stage. Infestation and spread of pests. The use of dowry drugs includes: 1. Prevention of multiple fungal diseases on seedlings, available 7 days before colonization, can be used as a mixed drug (75% chlorothalonil WP and 65% tytonin WP and 25% methine cream Mix the same amount of three WPs) and apply 800 times to the water. 2. To prevent bacterial diseases, 98% of streptomycin raw powder can be used to spray 5000 times of water. 3. To prevent the virus disease, spray 3 times before the planting, spray 100 times the anti-agent 100 times, or 1000 times potassium permanganate solution, or 1.5% plant disease Lingshui agent 1000 times spray. The control of pests on seedlings can be based on the situation of the local seedlings at the time, and the use of symptomatic insecticides to kill. In order to achieve "free disease-free net seedlings" colonization. Fifth, the local disinfection of planting ditch (holes). When the soil is completely disinfected at the end of the greenhouse, the soil in the planting trenches (holes) can be partially disinfected prior to planting. 1. Prevention of root-knot nematode disease: 1.8% of avermectin EC is used per acre, and 500 liters of water is applied to the planting ditch, and then colonized after infiltration. 2. To prevent the wilt disease: use 2.5g of a kilogram of mixed drugs (70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder and 50% of the same volume of thimacendazole wettable powder two drugs) per acre, add 50 kg of fine soil to mix the soil , After the ditch (point) Shi, and with the ditch soil (point soil) mix. Can also be used per acre 50% carbendazim WP, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or 50% benzene WP 1.5 kg, fine soil 75 kg mix, planting when the ditch. 3. To prevent root rot, use 2 kilograms of mixed-agent (70% Diocencon wettable powder and 50% Carbendazim wettable powder two drugs) per acre and mix 50 kg of fine soil. After dragging the thin soil, plant the net seedling again.
Auxiliaries (Additives) are defined in medicine as excipients and additives used in the production of drugs and prescriptions, that is, all materials except the main active ingredients of drugs, are important components of pharmaceutical preparations. In industrial production, auxiliary chemicals added to improve the production process, improve product quality and yield, or to endow the product with a specific application performance. It is also called additive. However, as an important component of the product matrix, large doses of additives, which have a significant impact on the shape, structure and performance of the product, are generally not included in the category of additives.
Chemical Additives,Chemical Reagents,Fine Chemicals,Inorganic Reagent Chemicals
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