The red earth is commonly known as "red", with strong growth, high sprouting force, strong branching ability, easy flowering, and high yield. The fruit is large, colorful, crisp, not shatter-resistant, resistant to storage and transportation, and is a valuable late-ripe grape good variety. In the past several years, Luxian County has been introduced and cultivated, showing strong adaptability, easy management, and good efficiency, and it has broad prospects for development. Based on the introduction of cultivation experience and related technical data, this management plan was formulated for reference by fruit growers in production. 1. Park planning (1) Garden selection: Red earth vineyards should be built in sandy loam soil or soil land with high organic matter content. The pH value is neutral or slightly acidic, and it should be avoided in low-lying water and high quality viscous places. In terms of drainage and irrigation facilities, convenient transportation and adequate power facilities are suitable. (2) Road planning; According to the topography and topography of the grape area, the main road and auxiliary road are planned to facilitate the operation of the park and the transportation of goods. (3) For water conservancy facilities, the vineyards should implement the planning and design of irrigation canals and drainage ditches in line with the principle of saving water and electricity, and vigorously promote the management of harbors and drip irrigation, so as to ensure that the drought can be poured and energy discharged. (4) Orientation design: The arrangement of rows of grapes grown on scaffolds is most suitable for the east-west direction, with a row spacing of 3 to 4 meters. The rack faces northwards, making full use of the light in the east, south and west to improve the quality of the fruit. If there is no windbreak on the north side, climb southwards to avoid the strong winds in the northwest. When the north-south long stretch of land must be north-south, it is better to climb eastwards. (5) Ditching: generally in the fall and winter season, the width and depth of the ditch are 70x80cm. When digging trenches, separate topsoil and subsoil. Remove the stones for backfilling. (6) Backfilling: When filling, the straw should be filled with 20cm thick straw (the straw should be cut into 20cm long sections), and the second layer should be filled with 40cm thick soil mixture. The amount of manure used is 5,000 kilograms per 666 square meters and it is fermented and decomposed. At a distance of 20cm from the ground level, a layer of water-retaining agent is sprinkled in the ditch, and the amount of mu is 1.5-2 kg. After the mixture is evenly mixed, it is filled with mature soil. Subsoil is used as a border. (7) Furrow irrigation and film-covering: Furrow irrigation is conducted 10 days before planting, and furrow irrigation is generally performed twice. For the first time, it is filled once when it is backfilled slightly lower than the ground, and the second irrigation is performed once again when the filling is level with the ditch. After the water infiltrates, the ditch is made into a ridge more than 5 cm above the ground. The ridge should be all wet soil, the soil should be fine, and the surface should be flat. Then cover the ridge with a mulch and compact it with soil on both sides (if you use a fall seedling to build a garden, cover it first). (8) Planting: 1 Seedling standard: Good quality seedlings should be selected. Autumn seedlings require stems thicker than 0. 5cm, with the best of 0.8cm, full of wood, and well-developed roots; green seedlings require three large-leaved plants, normal roots, and no pests and diseases. . 2 planting time, autumn seedlings on April 10 or so, green seedlings May 10-25 is appropriate. Three rows of spacing; small scaffolds spacing 3--4 meters (4-6 meters), spacing 70--80cm, 240--270 acres of seedlings. 4 planting methods: autumn seedlings in the film before the colonization, after planting film, so that the seedlings through the membrane, the seedlings buried with soil around 20cm; planted green seedlings with a hole in the film by the home-grown hole, depth and nutrition The height of the bag is the same. Cut the lower end of the nutrition bag first and place it in the hole. Pour a small amount of water, remove the bag, squeezing it around with soil, and then tightly seal the soil around the seedlings within 20 cm. 5 rooting root powder irrigation roots: After planting a week with 10ppm rooting powder No. 3, the method is to open the soil around the seedling stems, with a good rooting powder solution watering, each plant poured liquid 350g (7 two), to be After the liquid infiltration, the soil is sealed. 2, the establishment of scaffolding (1) cement rod specifications, side column height 2.8m, center column height 2.5m, column side length 12x12cm, 2m above the ground to retain. The side columns are tilted outwards by 30 degrees and the anchors are tensioned. (2) Arrangement of racks: In an orchard with a spacing of 4 meters, each column shall be provided with double-row columns with a spacing of 5 meters between columns (66 columns per acre); a row of trees with a 3-3.5 meter spacing may have a row of columns. The column spacing is 3 - 4m. The column should be 30cm in the inner side of the grape ridge. The column and column should be lined upright to facilitate the setting of the rack surface when pulling the lead wire. (3) Arrangement of lead wire: In the first year, a lead wire is tied every 50cm from the ground up the column. Pull up the road four times, pull the lead horizontally at the top of the cement column the next year, then pull a lead every 50cm along the longitudinal direction to form a 50--60cm net. When pulling lead wires, care must be taken to tighten them so that the entire frame forms a resultant force to withstand the pressure of the leaves and fruits and the strong phoenix attacks. 3, high yield cultivation techniques (1) plastic surgery and pruning: 1 Dulong dry characteristics. A main vine was cultivated from the base of the plant, extending straight from the stand to the scaffold. The main vine spread parallel to the main vine, resembling the “Dry Dragonâ€. The main vines are equipped with a result branch group or a result mother branch every 25 cm, which is named after “Dragon Clawâ€. 2Donglong dry cultivation methods: In the year of colonization, cultivate a main vine from the ground and pick it up when it grows to 70cm. When the seedlings grow weak, they can pick up the heart at a height of 50cm to increase the thickness of the seedlings, and the auxiliary shoots within 30cm above the ground. , Wipe from the base, 30cm above the reserve slightly to retain 3 leaves topping, to extend the spread to 7 large leaves when the heart topping, the following tip processing ibid., in late August all new shoots topping, control growth, Increase the degree of lignification. During winter cutting, cutting is performed according to the main vine roughness and maturity. Generally, the cutting thickness should be 1cm, not less than 0.8cm, and the cut should be about 1m. When the thickness is less than 0.8cm, 3 to 5 or 2-3 shoots are to be left. After the second year of spring, the buds will germinate. Select a robust new shoot as the main vine and remove the inflorescence on it to reduce The nutrient consumption, the length of the extended tip of the winter shear should be determined according to the thickness of the cut. When the thickness is more than 1cm, the cut length is about 2m (the branch thickness is not less than 1cm), side vines are left every 25cm, and 2 - 3 buds are cut short. All other side vines are dredged. On the main vines, there are four resulting mother branch groups per meter. The shaping task is basically completed. In the winter pruning, the short shoots are mainly trimmed, and as a result, the mother shoots retain two buds at the base. Attention should also be paid to the cultivation and renewal of the result branches, with 10-12 new shoots per square meter during the growing season.
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