The fertility of the pig
Fertility is the ability of the pig to maintain normal reproductive function and to give birth to offspring. The fertility of male pigs is directly related to the libido, semen quality and sperm viability of the male pigs, while the fecundity of male pigs is mainly related to the fetus rate, litter size and survival rate.
(1) Representation of fertility
1 Conception rate. The conception rate refers to the ratio of the number of fetuses mated in one estrus period to the number of females participating in mating, represented by the formula:
2 Reproduction rate. The reproduction rate refers to the ratio of the number of pigs born in the same year to the number of pigs of the end of the previous year, which reflects the proliferation efficiency of the swine herds and is expressed by the formula:
3 survival rate. The survival rate generally refers to the survival rate of juvenile weaning, that is, the ratio of surviving piglets at the time of weaning to the total number of live piglets at birth, or the ratio of the number of live piglets in the current year to the number of piglets born in the current year. Formulated as:
(2) Reproductive disorders caused a wide variety of obstacles in the breeding of pigs. There are genetic factors and acquired diseases, so that the pigs cannot reproduce or reproduce.
1 mother pig. Infertility caused by female pigs is mostly caused by ovarian disorders, the most common is the persistent corpus luteum, as well as ovarian unilateral or bilateral follicles and corpus luteum cysts, so that the female porcine estrus interference.
2 male pigs. Most of the male infertility caused by the penis is penile defects and testicular unhealthy. Such as cryptorchidism, although the public fragrant pigs also show sexual desire and complete sexual behavior, but no sperm production, such a public fragrant pigs should be treated in time, those who are ineffective treatment should be eliminated.
(3) Measures to increase fecundity of female pigs
1 Promote normal estrus and ovulation of female pigs. To strengthen the feeding and management of female hogs, improve the nutritional status and living environment of female hogs, and ensure that female hogs have a moderate and healthy body, which is the material basis for promoting normal estrus and ovulation of female hogs. In particular, the maternal frags during the mating preparation period must be comprehensive and abundant in nutrient supply, especially the supply of protein should be sufficient. At the same time, we must pay full attention to calcium, phosphorus, sodium and other minerals as well as vitamins A, B, C, and E. According to the production practice, the mother fragrant pigs add vitamin E to the pre-seed food, which promotes the good development of the mother fragrant pig, increases the number of ovulation of the female fragrant pig, and increases the number of fetuses. In addition, proper exercise is good for enhancing physical fitness and promoting sexual activity. For long-term estrus or prolonged estrus mother pigs, can promote gonadotropin-induced estrus.
2 Prevent mother pigs from infertility. There are many causes of infertility in female pigs. Different measures should be taken depending on the circumstances. For congenital or aging infertile mother pigs, can be eliminated as soon as possible. For feeding infertility, it can be solved by improving feeding and management; for breeding technical infertility, sperm collection, semen processing and insemination must be performed according to the operation regulations; for disease infertility, active treatment measures can be taken to restore the mother pigs. Reproductive ability, otherwise eliminated for species use.
3 Prevent embryonic death and miscarriage. Embryos are implanted approximately 15-18 days after fertilization. This is the first peak of fetal death before; about 30 days after fertilization is the second peak of fetal death; in 4O-5O days, the placenta ceases to grow. This is the third peak of fetal death. Therefore, to reduce the death of the fetus, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant female pigs during pregnancy.
The early growth of the fetus's body weight is slow, and the growth of the fetus is later. When the growth and development of the fetus grows faster, if the nutrients are insufficient, the mother's own nutrients will be consumed, affecting the health of the mother pig or causing miscarriage. On the contrary, if the female pig is over-fertilized, due to excessive deposition of fat around the uterus, which hinders the growth and development of the fetus, easy to produce weak or stillbirth. Therefore, different feeding methods should be adopted according to the physical condition of mother pigs. For the emaciated mother pigs, it is necessary to pay attention to feeding 1 month before breeding and 1 month after pregnancy. The feed is mainly based on good palatability, high-protein full-priced feed. For the first production of mother pigs, should gradually increase its nutritional level with the progress of pregnancy to meet the needs of the mother pig and fetus growth and development. For mothers who are in good condition. General feeding can be used.
4 Strive for the full liveness and robustness of the young pig. The growth and development of Zixiang pigs is mainly focused on three levels: First, it is the first time to catch dairy foods. In the 7 days after the birth of the Zixiang pig, it mainly relied on breast milk, and the first-born pigs were sloppy and squeaky. They were inconvenient in action, poor in resistance, and they were afraid of cold, heat, and disease. The mortality rate was high. Therefore, it is the key to promote the robust growth and development of Zixiang pigs by getting sufficient breast milk from Zixiang pigs. In addition, we must pay attention to insulation, anti-pressure, care good sweet pig. Lizao started to feed on feeding materials. In the 14-25 days after the birth of Zixiang pigs, the growth and development were rapid, and the required nutrients gradually increased. The lactating volume of female sows reached a peak around 20 days, and then gradually decreased. Therefore, breast milk alone can not meet the nutritional needs of sweet-smelling pigs, to give feed, and gradually transition to weaning, if not fed in time, it will easily lead to thin piglets or death. The third is weaning and catching Wangwang food. The young piglets are generally weaned at 45-55 days of age and begin to live independently. At this time, in order to gradually adapt the sweet-smelling pigs to the feed types of adult fragrant pigs, it is necessary to strengthen the feed during this period. Choose sweet and palatable feeds and various combinations to ensure rich nutrition. The number of feeds should be more to gradually adapt to the gastrointestinal digestive capacity of pigs. It is generally required to feed 4-6 times a day, but also pay attention to feed preparation and environmental hygiene.
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