What is a brushless DC motor? What are the advantages?

What is a brushless DC motor? What are the advantages?

Brushless DC motors are relative to brushed DC motors. Brushed motors use mechanical commutation, which has lower requirements on the control system and lower relative cost than brushless motors. But the fatal weaknesses are: short life, high noise, and low efficiency. Its long-term use of carbon brushes is severely worn and easily damaged. At the same time, a large amount of carbon dust is generated by abrasion, and these dusts fall into the bearing, so that the bearing oil accelerates and dry, and the motor noise further increases. If the brush motor is used continuously for about 500 hours (the best carbon brush in foreign countries is less than 800 hours), you need to replace the carbon brush inside the motor. At this time, you will find that the motor is not as good as before, because the motor is replaced by a carbon brush. The commutator is also ground with some grooves to reduce the contact area of ​​the carbon brush. When the poorly contacted carbon brush is energized, it will generate sparks and accelerate the oxidation of the commutator and the copper piece, resulting in reduced motor power or even starting, and A harsh electromagnetic sound was emitted.

Brushless motors replace mechanical brushes and mechanical commutators with electronic commutation, which is technically superior to brushed motors. Since the brushless motor does not have a carbon brush and a mechanical commutator, the unreliability of the motor wear and the electromagnetic sound of the carbon brush and the commutator are reduced. Using microcomputer control technology, its efficiency is 15-20% higher than that of brushed motors, and its life span is more than 10 years.

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