Wheat is a crop that requires more phosphorus. Scientific application of phosphate fertilizer is one of the key measures to increase phosphate fertilizer efficiency, reduce fertilizer costs, and promote high quality and high yield of wheat.
1. Application after mixed fermentation with organic fertilizer
Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid, and a variety of organic weak acids that make insoluble phosphates soluble phosphates. At the same time, after the organic fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are mixed, the contact surface of the phosphate fertilizer and the soil can be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the fixation of the phosphorus on the soil. Therefore, the use of organic fertilizer and stacking after fermentation can not only increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, but also effectively overcome the problem of phosphorus fertilizer.
Stacking method: In the first half of the application, according to the proportion of 1 part of phosphate fertilizer by adding 10-20 parts of organic fertilizer, piling it well and sealing it with mud.
2. In combination with nitrogen, potassium and zinc fertilizers
According to the requirements of wheat for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and other elements, scientific application of nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer when applying phosphate fertilizer can effectively supplement the deficiency of soil nutrients and increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by 20-30. %. The proportion of application: General high-yield wheat field: 4,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, 50 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 30 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 12 kg of standard potassium fertilizer, 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate in Mg-deficient land; High quality organic fertilizer 3000 kg, standard phosphate fertilizer 50 kg, standard nitrogen fertilizer 35 kg, standard potassium fertilizer 8 kg, zinc sulfate 1 kg is appropriate.
3. Centralized application
The concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer can reduce the contact surface of phosphate fertilizer and soil, reduce soil phosphorus fixation, improve utilization. Phosphate concentration strip application can increase the utilization rate by 28% and increase wheat production by about 12%.
4. Use phosphate fertilizer for soil
In neutral and calcareous alkaline soil, water-soluble superphosphate should be used. Superphosphate is weakly acidic and can neutralize alkali in the soil. On acidic soils, weak alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be used. The use of alkaline fertilizers in acidic soils not only enhances their fertility, but also neutralizes acids in the soil to avoid acid damage to wheat roots.
5. The amount should be appropriate
The kilograms of wheat production per kilogram of phosphate fertilizer decreased with the increase of the amount of phosphate fertilizer, but if the dosage was too small, the yield per unit area was not significant, and the general mu application amount was 50-60 kilograms.
6. Foliar spraying
2-3 kilograms of superphosphate are opened with clear water, and the residue is filtered. Mixing 50-60 kilograms of fresh water is sufficient. Spraying at the jointing, booting and filling stages of wheat can increase production by 4-6%. Or foliar spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spraying 60-80 kg per acre, spraying three times, there is a significant effect of strong stalks, can increase production 4.6-8.1%.
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