Rape green high-yield and high-efficiency technologies include technical measures suitable for mechanized varieties, seed treatment, proper close planting, fertilizer and water management, green prevention and control, and full mechanization management to achieve green, high-yield, and high-efficiency goals.
Suitable area
Applicable to "oil-rice" two mature areas, "oil rice", "oil rice and then" three mature areas.
Technical goals
The large-scale demonstration of rapeseed yields more than 150 kilograms per mu, and the direct production cost per mu is controlled at 300 yuan and the comprehensive benefit of mu is more than 300 yuan.
Technical points
1. Selection of improved species
Select double-low rapeseed varieties with strong lodging resistance, antibacterial nuclear disease, and high yield per unit, such as two oil-cooked mid-harvest varieties such as Cangyouza 7 and Cenyouza 8; Huayouza 62, Sunshine 2009 and Zhejiang Oil 50. , Fengyou 730, Yangguang 131, oyster hybrid 1009 and other early-maturing varieties of rice, rice and rice, it is recommended that the seeds be coated to achieve effective control of Pieris rapae, aphids and seedling diseases at the seedling stage.
2. Early sowing
Artificially sow the no-till machine to open the ditch or broadcast live. The north of Sui was planted from mid-September to early October, and from mid-September to mid-October. In September and October in our province, it was the autumn drought period. We tried to grab the seeds and sow the seedlings. Before the planting, use a stubble machine to kill the earthworm or install a grass cutting device on the rice harvester to change the method of straw incineration and improve soil organic matter. If the planting conditions are poor and there are irrigation conditions, you can fill the “Happy Valley†water after sowing, and the water will not be on the surface.
3. Reasonable close planting
Mu 0.2-0.3 kilograms, the density of 25,000 or more per mu, lay the foundation for seizing high yield.
Open a good "three ditch"
Before transplanting or after sowing, open the "three ditch", the width of 2 meters, the depth of the ditch is 25 centimeters, open the ditch around every field, the length of the field more than 40 meters to open a waist ditch every 20-30 meters, Wai Groove, waist ditch 30 cm deep. Timely clearing and ditching, maintaining the "three channels", smoothing, preventing stains from falling, promoting root growth, ensuring strong seedlings, improving disease resistance, and preventing Sclerotinia and other diseases.
4. Scientific fertilization
According to the results of soil testing, fertilizer formulations were adjusted, and basic fertilizers and seedlings were re-administered in real time and boron was emphasized. The first application of base fertilizer, applied per acre three yuan compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 35 kilograms, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 15-20 kilograms, 1 kilogram of borax; Second, early application of Miao Fei, promote seedling early growth, generally After Dingmiao (transfer and replenishment and thinning), apply 5-6 kilograms of urea per acre or sprinkle before rain; apply fertilizer before winter, apply 5-6 kilograms of urea and 6 kilograms of potassium chloride per acre before the Spring Festival. In order to increase the fertilizer utilization and reduce the frequency of fertilizer application, it is recommended to promote the use of special-purpose slow-release fertilizers such as “Shi Shi Zhuang†as the base fertilizer, and apply 40-50 kg per mu.
5. Diseases and weeds control
Timely use of high-risk and low-risk pesticides that are safe for bees. Prevention of rape sclerotial sclerotinia in the early flowering stage of rapeseed, and the heavy fields are applied once again at the flowering stage. Sclerotia net, boscalid, chlorobacillus ester, prochloraz, and procymid may be used. , carbendazim, bacteriophages, etc. The control of downy mildew is used in the early stage of the disease. When the severity of the disease is severe, the drug is applied again 7-10 days later. Agents such as zinc can be used. Control of aphids in the early stages of drug use, the choice of thiamethoxam, anti-influx, deltamethrin EC and other agents. Beekeepers should be notified 1-2 days before application of pesticides. Measures should be taken to protect the safety of bees. Afternoon spraying is applied and the spray should be uniform.
Weed control can be performed before sowing or 2-3 days before transplanting. Acetochlor and ditergylamine are used for soil spray treatment before bud application. In the early stage of weed control, the treatment of weed stems and leaves was sprayed with quizalofop-razine (controlling grassy weeds) and grass-removing herbicide (controlling broad-leaved weeds) at the rapeseed stage.
6. Mechanical harvest
The mature period should be harvested according to the maturity of the field to ensure the maturity of rapeseed. The disposable machine is used to collect the unmanned aerial mu (80% to 100 ml) of the “Liuphui†desiccant in the rapeseed Bacheng yellow (when the grain of the central inflorescence central fruit turns from green to brown) and is dried after 5-7 days. The direct harvesting of the harvesting machinery can reduce the loss rate, increase the production efficiency, and crush the rape straw into the field. The use of staged harvesting can be carried out by mechanical picking and threshing after 8-7 days of artificial cutting.
7. Precautions
1 low rape sensitive to boron deficiency. The use of high-quality boron fertilizer as base fertilizer should be put in place, and the growth potential of the future can be seen. In combination with the “one promotion, four preventionsâ€, the boron fertilizer is sprayed to avoid false flowers.
2 pay attention to anti-moisture, low-temperature freeze damage and seedling growth. After the winter or spring rainfall or snowfall, attention should be paid to clearing the “three ditch†in time to ensure smooth drainage in the field, cool the rain, and prevent the occurrence of waterlogging. When the temperature is too low, it is necessary to pay attention to antifreeze when growing too high; the rapeseed grows more vigorously. In the first half of November, 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 50 grams of water per acre is used for chemical control, which is conducive to long control and high yield.
3 During the drying process of rapeseed, attention should be paid to the prevention of mildew and germination. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent mechanical mixing and ensure the quality of rapeseed and the quality of rapeseed oil.
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