In autumn, vegetables are extremely vulnerable to pests and diseases, and cultivation and management are more difficult. It is necessary to adopt “three-strengthening†management to achieve high-quality, high-yield, and high-efficiency vegetables.
Fertilizer management
At present, vegetables are in a critical period of growth. Some of them have entered the harvesting period, and fertilizer and water management must be strengthened at this time. Fertilization should follow the principle of “multiple application of organic fertilizer and less application of chemical fertilizersâ€. Leaf vegetables (such as cabbage and celery) should be topdressed with nitrogen and calcium fertilizers, supplemented with potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and some intermediate and trace elements (calcium). , zinc, magnesium, etc., with a certain amount of foliar fertilizer (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.); fruits and vegetables (such as watermelon, wax gourd, tomatoes, etc.) should be dominated by phosphorus, potassium, supplemented by nitrogen, increase in some, The application of trace element fertilizers; root vegetable (such as carrots, white radish) mainly potassium fertilizer, supplemented by phosphate fertilizer and trace element fertilizer. Watering and draining should be properly done. When drought, pay attention to watering, watering, and keeping water wet. When the rainfall is heavy, pay attention to drainage and dig the drainage ditch. In particular, root vegetables and melons and vegetables are greatly affected, and stagnant water can easily cause roots, rot, and other diseases. At the same time, after the heavy rain (in well-drained conditions), one well water is poured to lower the ground temperature, and the watering can be combined with fertilization.
Field management
1. weeding. To cultivate and weed frequently, do not let the soil loose so as not to damage the roots. Try not to use herbicides as much as possible, which has a great influence on the growth of vegetables.
2. Ridge, ridge. For ridged vegetables (such as cabbage, scallion) damaged due to rainfall or watering should be promptly ridiculed, vegetables that did not have time to ridging should be based on the actual situation of vegetable growth, timely ridge cultivation, so that drainage smooth, no water, Reduce disease.
3. Plant finishing. For scaffolding vegetables (such as cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, etc.), the plant should be promptly organized (burping, picking the old leaves, diseased leaves) in order to facilitate ventilation, light transmission, and improve the fruit setting rate. Solanaceous vegetables in summer should be light and sparse, so that the fruit is hidden under the leaves as much as possible, avoiding direct sunlight. The peripheral leaves of the plant cannot be removed, but the inner leaves must be removed to increase the air permeability inside the plant. It should be noted that after the technique, wiping, and defoliating, the fruit often suffers from sunburn due to sudden exposure to sunlight. For watermelons, squash, and other vegetables, stay vines should be reasonable, control groups should not be too large to help enhance disease resistance.
Pest Control
Vegetable mainly produces blight, virus disease, soft rot, downy mildew, root rot, powdery mildew, leguminosae, aphids, and some physiological diseases such as cracking, falling fruit, and poor growth. Farmers should adhere to the principle of "prevention from disease and treatment from the outside," and advocate the use of biological pesticides.
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