First, planting technology
1. The choice of garden
Crimson plum has no special stringent requirements for soil, but because its roots are distributed on the surface of the soil, it is not resistant to earthworms. Therefore, sandy soils that are difficult to accumulate water and have a deep soil layer should be selected. The terrain is high-dry, sunny, leeward, and southern slope. The soil is deep, the soil is fertile, the soil is loose, and the groundwater level is low. There was no previous planting of plum trees or sandy loam which was convenient for transportation after more than five years of planting.
2. Planting density and site preparation time
The soil in the mountainous area is relatively thin and the gradient is large. The fruit growers usually plant 1 to 2 rows along the soil, and the spacing is 3 m4 m. Planting methods: rectangular, square, and triangular (hoof fork) can be used for flat land. Site preparation time is generally in November of each year.
3. Site specifications
Use 80 cm80 cm60 cm.
4. Seedling requirements
In order to bear fruit earlier and improve economic efficiency, seedlings must adopt qualified seedlings that have been grafted with one year old and have no pests and diseases.
5. Planting time and methods
The best planting time is from December to January. Strictly adopt the “three burying, two stepping and one raising seedlings†method of planting seedlings. That is to say, the topsoil is crushed and the base fertilizer is mixed and backfilled, then a thin layer of thin soil is placed on the base fertilizer soil, and then the seedlings are placed in the center of the hole to support and the soil is backfilled to a depth of about 3/4, and the seedlings are lifted upwards. Raise the height of the seedlings so that the roots of the seedlings naturally stretch downwards, but not the roots; then use the foot to push back the soil, cover the soil, and then step on the solids; the third time the seedlings are centered on the seedlings and piled up in the shape of the height, the outside and the ground. . In this way, it is necessary to plant a hole to protect the fat and protect it from water, thus preventing the normal growth of the seedlings.
Second, pruning technology
1. Cut and remove
After planting the Crimson Plum seedlings, dry them to a height of 50-60 cm in a timely manner and dry them. Wipe out the tree shoots with a height of 30 cm or less and keep the full shoots with a height of 30-60 cm. When the new shoots grow to about 2 cm, 4 to 5 shoots with large angles and robust growth are selected as the main shoots, and other shoots are cut from the base to facilitate the cultivation of robust main shoots.
2. Sapling pruning
In the first winter after the seedlings are planted, young trees are to be trimmed. When pruning, leave the main branch about 60 cm, in order to facilitate the expansion of the opening degree of the branches, leaving the outer buds to be clipped buds. The competition branches should be thinned or recut, and the remaining branches can be cut or lightly cut according to the actual situation. Waiting for the second year of the growing season will require another 3 to 4 prunings. Pruning is done for the first time when the buds begin to bloom, and the weak buds, disease buds, and buds with incorrect growth directions are trimmed. In the first half of May, the second pruning was performed. The overgrown shoots were thinned. The branches with the positive direction of cultivation and the angle under the cut were left as the extension branches on the main branch. The other branches were either plucked or lightened. Shearing promotes the germination of lateral branches. In order to ensure the extension of the advantages of the branches, we must also sparsely cut off and cut off competing branches with small angles and vigorous growth. In the middle of July, the third pruning was performed, and the long branches were cut short to ensure the development of the shoots. The pruning in winter can be selected in December, and the branches overlapping each other should be thinned. Other branches should be cut or not cut according to the actual situation. After 4 years of pruning, the sapling shaping is basically completed.
3. Fruit pruning
Four years after the planting of the seedlings, the crisp fruit plum has entered the stage of initial production, and it will enter the fruit stage by the sixth year. The trees in this stage are prone to dry stems because of the large amount of results and damage to the shoots during picking. Therefore, when pruning in winter, all dry branches should be cut off, dense branches should be thinned, and alternate branches should be cut short. Other branches can be cut or not cut depending on the actual situation. If pruning is carried out in the growth stage, attention should be paid to the shortening of the leggy branches, and the remaining middle and long branches are toned or shortened according to the growth of the branches to promote the growth of the resulting branches.
Third, soil, fertilizer, water management
1. Soil Management
General requirements: loose, breathable, deep, no water, more fertile.
Before the planting, we must deepen the soil and apply enough basal fertilizer. After the planting, the caverns will be expanded year by year to facilitate the expansion of the root system and the growth of new roots. Sapling period Before the canopy is unsealed, appropriate intercropping can be done, but crops with high stalks should be avoided. It is better to use legume green manure or potatoes, feed, etc.; mid-season canopy should not be intercropping after the line is enclosed. The method of ploughing is to make the grass grow naturally and prevent the loss of water, soil, and fertilizer in the off-season of water and fertilizer in the Crimson Plum Tree. In the critical period when the Crimson Plum Tree needs water and fertilizer, the weeds are removed, and after the maturity, the Soil, so that we can not only solve the conflict between weeds and brittle red plum trees, but also water and fertilizer, suitable for the crisp red plum tree to provide fertilizer.
2. Fertilization
Crimson plum has a ratio of 1.0, 0.4, and 1.6 to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and can be used as a reference for fertilization.
2.1 Fertilization in young trees: fertilization in young trees should be applied thinly. The newly planted Crimson Plum saplings are not eager to fertilize. After the new shoots turn green, each plant begins to apply 0.2% urea, plus 0.2% compound fertilizer 3 to 5 kg, or with decomposed manure or decomposed peanut bran The application of water and fertilizer (1:20 dilution) is beneficial to the growth of branch shoots. Once a month, top dressing 5 to 6 times a year, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. From September to October, the basal fertiliser was reused, and the farmyard manure was the best.
2.2 Fertilization of adult trees: Generally, the crisp red plums entering the fruiting period should be applied once a year and top dressings should be applied 3 to 4 times a year. Basal fertilizer: The amount accounts for 50% to 80% of the annual fertilization amount, and the delayed manure is the main fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.5:1. The application period of basal fertilizer is appropriate from the late September to the middle of October, and the principle of “deep, heavy, and full†is emphasized. Mainly to ditch. Top dressing: For every 50 kg of fruit produced, it is necessary to top up 150 to 200 kg of feces, 2.5 to 3 kg of urea, 3 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 2 to 3 kg of potassium fertilizer.
3. Irrigation and drainage
3.1 Irrigation: Although Crimson Plum is resistant to drought, it must have sufficient water supply to achieve high yields. It is not suitable to water during flowering, otherwise it will cause falling flowers.
In normal years, it only needs to pour water once, that is, water is poured (especially in the ditch) after the autumn basal fertilization. In case of drought, water before flowering, water after flowering, and fruit expanding water can be used.
3.2 Drainage: Crispy red plum trees are resistant to drought and drought. In case of heavy rain, they must be drained in time to keep the water in the park.
IV. Pest Control
The diseases that Crimson Red Li easily suffer from are brown rot and liquid plastic disease. The main insect pests are red spider mites, peach borer, and peach mites.
Disease prevention and control measures: Select thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution and mancozebite 500-800 times solution for spraying.
Insect pest control: focus on prevention, elimination of eggs in the winter, in the base of the brittle red Lee smear Baume degree lime sulfur agent, in the spring with 500 to 800 times liquid dipterex powder or 500 times zinc nitroxide solution The trunk of the crisp red plum and the surrounding ground are sprayed to prevent pests from entering the trunk. The peak period of peach borer and peach aphid occurred in May, and they could be sprayed with 500-fold liquid or dimethoate 2000-fold for 2 or 3 times with a spraying cycle of 7 days.
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