With the development of animal husbandry in China, the number of intensive livestock and poultry breeding farms continues to increase, and some farms do not pay attention to the harmless treatment of livestock and poultry excrement, and they are also close to the residential area. The increasing degree of pollution has led to the growth of pests, such as the danger of flies, which has become a very serious problem.
Habits and hazards:
Flies are completely metamorphic insects, and their life history can be divided into eggs, larvae (3 ages), pre-cockroaches, cockroaches, and adults. Although the lifespan of flies is only about one month, its fecundity is very strong. The fly's diet is very complicated and it belongs to omnivorous flies that can feed on various substances. Due to its frequent vomiting, frequent defecation, and high water loss, it also causes it to frequently eat. As a result, it eats, spits, and pulls on the top of the biomass, causing serious pollution.
Flies can spread more than 50 diseases. The most important diseases affecting livestock and poultry breeding include: bird flu, Newcastle disease, foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever, Pasteurella multocida, poultry E. coli, and coccidiosis. Disease outbreaks can accelerate the spread of a parade disease.
Control Method:
The method of controlling flies can be divided into three categories: physical methods, biological methods and chemical methods. The most effective control measure is the integrated use of the three methods.
First, the physical method: The method used in livestock and poultry farms is to remove the manure in a timely manner. Special attention should be paid to the faeces and sewage in the dead ends, keeping the dung of livestock and poultry as dry as possible. Do a good job in the cleanliness of livestock and poultry farms and regularly disinfect them. Dispose of the removed feces properly and remove or ferment them in time. Waste litter and dead animals in livestock and poultry farms must also be properly handled.
Second, biological methods: The biological method of controlling flies is to cultivate the natural enemies of flies in the feces. Natural enemies of flies include beetles, crickets, and wasps. In nature, there are fewer natural enemies in the flies. Dry livestock dung is conducive to the development of natural enemies of the fly. We can regularly launch natural enemies of flies on the dung of livestock and poultry houses.
Third, the chemical drug law: Chemical drugs are the most effective weapon to control the fly. Chemical drugs not only kill adult flies but also kill fly eggs and larvae. Chemical drugs are divided into larvicides and insecticides.
1, larvicidal agents: high-effective larvicidal agents mainly in the flies during the development of the larval stage, two weeks after the application can see the effect, this type of insecticide can be sprayed directly on the livestock and poultry feces or after the removal of feces On the ground. At present, there are domestic insecticides that kill fly larvae
1 Organic Phosphorus: Killer pine, fenthion, malathion, trichlorfon;
2 Carbamates: Benzodiazepine;
(3) Insect growth regulators such as fuprocarb urea, etc., but it is rarely used in the country at present because of the relationship between the period of killing and the price. In addition, there are also domestic and foreign insecticides that control flies through feedstuffs, such as cyromazine premix, which is added to the feed to control the breeding of fly larvae in livestock houses.
2, killing insecticide: killing insecticide can quickly kill the flies, but not the standard method of controlling flies. The commonly used insecticides are divided into the following categories:
1 Organochlorines: Trichloro insecticidal esters;
2 Organic Phosphorus: Killer Pine (emulsion, wettable powder), fenthion (emulsion, wettable powder), malathion (emulsion, wettable powder);
3 mixture of pyrethroids and carbamates;
4 Pyrethroids: deltamethrin (WP).
There are the following methods for killing imagoicides:
1 fly stop surface application: apply where the flies like to stop. The insecticide is sprayed or smeared or painted with a constant amount so that the active ingredient of the insecticide is evenly attached to the surface of the fly in a certain dose. When the fly crawls or inhabits the treated surface, the insecticide can contact and absorb the insecticide poisoning. death.
2 Space spraying: Space spray with insecticidal aerosol or mist agent, so that the flies will be directly poisoned by the mist particles and poisoned. It is suitable for killing flies quickly.
3 poison fly rope (strings): the habit of using house flies to stay on rope hangings indoors. Use cotton rope, twine, etc., soaked in organophosphorus or long-acting pyrethroid insecticides. After the rope is saturated with liquid medicine, remove it and let it dry. Hang it on the roof or ceiling of the barracks.
4 Poison baits: Poison baits are simple, economical, quick-acting, and easy fly control methods. Frequent miraculous effects can occur within a few hours: flies that develop resistance to dichlorvos can be controlled by 0.1% -0.2% trichlorfon water baits due to different ways of entering the drug. In addition to the bait that mixes food baits, there are liquid baits, viscous baits, and granular baits that can be used in different situations.
Comprehensive control:
The general integrated control procedures for the control of flies in livestock farms are: removal of faeces, treatment of all faecal surfaces with larvicides, and use of insecticides to prevent adult flies from producing more eggs.
After such treatment, livestock and poultry farms can maintain 6-8 weeks of effective control time, after the expiration of the above methods can be re-treated. The wet areas are easily re-infected by flies, so these areas should be treated with larvicides in time. If large areas are re-infested by flies early, all feces should be re-treated. This situation is likely to occur in a hot and humid environment or a place where natural enemies lack flies, and insecticides must not be directly sprayed on the surface of the excrement during treatment. This will endanger the natural enemies of flies and induce drug resistance. The high reproduction rate of Musca domestica makes it easier for flies to develop resistance to insecticides. Therefore, different types of larvicides and insecticides should be used interchangeably. Any overuse or misuse can lead to the development of resistance.
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