The hippocampus is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. It has the functions of calming the nerves, strengthening the body, activating the tendons, strengthening the kidney, strengthening the body, reducing inflammation, relieving pain, relieving cough and reducing asthma. It is known as "northern ginseng and southern hippocampus" and is also a precious ornamental fish. With good decoration materials, the economic value is extremely high. China's coastal waters are vast, and there are many potential for artificial breeding of hippocampus.
I. Biological characteristics The hippocampus is a temperate marine fish belonging to the genus Hippocampus of the thornhead head. It is suitable for water temperature 5°C-32°C, seawater specific gravity 1.09-1.027, light (candle) 500-2000, pH 6.5-8.0, transparency 1m-1.5m, dissolved oxygen 2.5ml-4ml/l.
Second, the reproduction of the hippocampus from March to November all year round, the water temperature of 20 °C -30 °C, is the breeding season of the hippocampus; May - September, the water temperature of 25 °C -28 °C is the prosperous period of reproduction. However, due to the slimness of the hippocampus after winter, the adaptability to environmental changes is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures of male-female division, rearing, 25 to 30 tails per square meter, and give enough food, and pay attention to the conditions of water temperature, light, and specific gravity to promote cultivation.
1. The artificial breeding of broodstock in the hippocampus can be used as a broodstock with ages of 1 year to 2 years and healthy, complete, large and plump male and female individuals. First, the male and female broodstock are separately reared in a nursery pond. The nursery area is about 4 to 6 square meters, and the depth is 1.5 meters and the width is 2 meters. The water quality is good, and the water temperature changes little. Each square meter stocking progeny of 20 to 30 tails, feeding live cockroach, amphetamines, oysters and other live bait, with a small amount of artificial fresh bait, daily feeding bait 3 times -4 times.
2. After a period of intensive water temperature, the gonads of the broodstock gradually mature. The male hippocampus begins to estrus at about 16°C, while the female hippocampus only sees estrus at about 19°C. Therefore, during the cultivation period, artificial warming is required. When the natural water temperature reaches above 20° C. and is stable, male-male polyculture is conducted and the individuals are laid eggs by 1:1.
3. The light water temperature is 15°C, and the illumination is over 200 Lux. More than 50% of the male hippocampus begins to develop blue light, and the light intensity is below 200 Lux, and the estrus phenomenon is greatly reduced. In the breeding season, there is a certain role between the illumination of 5000Lux-10000Lux.
4. The proportion of more than 1.017 seawater to cultivate pro-hippocampus, less health and disease, the survival rate of more than 80%. Below 1.01, there are many diseases and mortality.
5. Breeding hippocampus mostly in the morning or early evening mating, during which the appetite decreased slightly, body color faded, males and females chased each other, and flowed side by side. When the excitement reached a climax, the rearing bag of the male anus expanded, showing a transparent, bag mouth. Open. Female genitals are prominent. The male and female tail hooked each other, and the females put the eggs into the male nursery bags where the eggs were fertilized. The parenting bag when mated is small, transparent and soft. With the development of the ligand in the bag, the bag becomes larger and darker. During the child-raising period, he was not happy to swim, and often used the bottom of the pool to reduce appetite. At this point should be carefully nursed, the operation should be brisk, the time from the water should not be too long, the temperature difference should be less than 2 °C -3 °C, to prevent miscarriage. Feeding 4 times -5 times a day, the bait should be fresh, the size is suitable, the amount of feeding should be less, the water quality should be clean, and the oxygen content is high. The fertilized eggs are hatched within 23 days to 25 days in the nursery bag. The number of seedlings per "fetal" in the hippocampus ranges from 10 to more than 1,000. Under artificial breeding conditions, some hippocampus have poor fertility. For example, only 20%-70% of the individuals in the sea horse and Sanzhe hippocampus have reproductive ability. This factor should be taken into consideration before planning nursery. Male hippocampus breeds seedlings before dawn, usually within a few minutes to ten minutes. If it is affected by low temperature or other factors, it can also be delayed by 1 day to 3 days. The quality of the seedlings produced in a short period of time is good, but the quality is poor when the duration is long. In case of dystocia, you can use the left hand to hold the pro-haima, and the right hand gently massages in the direction of the nursery bag to perform artificial midwifery. The quality of seedlings produced by artificial midwifery is also good. After the male hippocampus has finished its production, it should be picked up immediately and cultured separately from the seedlings to prevent it from swallowing or harming seedlings.
Third, the development of the hippocampus can be eaten after birth, it is necessary to share with the parents. In the growing process, attention should be paid to controlling the conditions of water temperature, water quality, bait, light and density to promote the effect of cultivation.
1. Stocking specifications are stocked individually in groups of individual size and sex. Body lengths up to 6 cm should be kept in nursery ponds. Normally, 1,000 seedlings are stocked per square meter. After 7 days to 15 days, the seedlings gradually increase in size. Can reduce it. More than 6 cm in the middle seahorse and adult hippocampus are placed in an area of ​​6 square meters -20 square meters of breeding ponds, stocking density of 300 and 100. In the hot season, appropriate sparse and change of water, low temperature season can be properly raised and reduced water change dictionary. If flow-through cultivation is used, the stocking density can be increased as appropriate.
2. Seawater temperature The seawater must be filtered through coarse sand or settled and clarified before it can be used to culture seahorses. The temperature range is 12°C-24°C. The survival rate of primary seedlings below 20°C is low, and above 25°C, the survival rate is high. Water temperature difference should not exceed 2°C.
3. Precipitation water After seawater is treated by sedimentation, the transparency is preferably 40 cm -50 cm. Change the water every day or every other day to keep the water fresh. If the conditions of the farm, you can engage in water culture, flow 1 ton per hour -2 tons. The seedlings began to change water after 3 days of birth, with a specific gravity of 1.008-1.015.
4. Feeding feeds should generally adopt fresh planktonic crustaceans as bait as far as possible. Live baits can be cultivated artificially or caught in natural waters. The bait should be processed to fit the size of the hippocampus. If the body length is less than 6 cm, a 1 mm to 3 mm cochropod larvae and a small copepod are to be cast; for a body length of 6 cm or more, a 5 mm to 8 mm colistus, acropoda, etc. Plankton crustaceans; the body length of more than 10 cm, the main bait is about 1 cm of shrimp or shrimp. Feed 2 times -3 times a day, and the daily dosage is 1.5 times the food intake. Feeding should be carried out during the day. In the dark, the seahorse stops feeding. The hippocampus is very bulimia. To prevent it from eating too much, it is necessary to observe and prevent the deterioration of the pool water caused by excessive feeding.
Hippocampus culture can be marketed for more than 10 cm. During transport, the water should be protected and the temperature of the water should be kept relatively constant. At the same time, the condition of the hippocampus should be checked frequently. If necessary, the water can be shaken or aerators can be used to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water and promote the survival rate of the hippocampus.
Fourth, the prevention and treatment of diseases
1. Causes of Gastrointestinal Disease: This is a disease of the digestive tract and the highest incidence is from May to September. It is mainly caused by food brought into the bacteria, and fed with rotten deteriorating bait. Symptoms: Reduced incidence of hippocampal activity, dementia, outliers, loose redness of the anus, slightly protruding or white. Therapy: 0.25 g -0.5 g oxytetracycline (4 tablets - 8 tablets) can be dissolved in 200 ml of sea water; the food to be fed is then soaked in the liquid for 15 minutes and then cast. After 4 days of feeding, the curative effect can be seen.
2. Causes of watery mildew: August to November are more common. The main reason is that the water quality is too muddy and unclean. Symptoms: The epidermis of the affected hippocampus has a layer of gray-white fibers that resemble hairs. After being stimulated, the fish body often struggles to swing and breathe slowly. Prevention: To prevent this disease, we must constantly change the water. If seawater is not clear, use 100 mesh sieve to filter or precipitate. Therapy: Treat the already affected hippocampus immediately. It is advisable to take 100 kg of fresh water into the tank and then soak the sick seahorse in fresh water for 10 minutes (if the soaking time exceeds 20 minutes, the hippocampus will immediately die), then remove it immediately and put it into the nursery. After 2 or 3 soakings, Saprolegnia can be frozen to death and fall off on its own.
I. Biological characteristics The hippocampus is a temperate marine fish belonging to the genus Hippocampus of the thornhead head. It is suitable for water temperature 5°C-32°C, seawater specific gravity 1.09-1.027, light (candle) 500-2000, pH 6.5-8.0, transparency 1m-1.5m, dissolved oxygen 2.5ml-4ml/l.
Second, the reproduction of the hippocampus from March to November all year round, the water temperature of 20 °C -30 °C, is the breeding season of the hippocampus; May - September, the water temperature of 25 °C -28 °C is the prosperous period of reproduction. However, due to the slimness of the hippocampus after winter, the adaptability to environmental changes is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures of male-female division, rearing, 25 to 30 tails per square meter, and give enough food, and pay attention to the conditions of water temperature, light, and specific gravity to promote cultivation.
1. The artificial breeding of broodstock in the hippocampus can be used as a broodstock with ages of 1 year to 2 years and healthy, complete, large and plump male and female individuals. First, the male and female broodstock are separately reared in a nursery pond. The nursery area is about 4 to 6 square meters, and the depth is 1.5 meters and the width is 2 meters. The water quality is good, and the water temperature changes little. Each square meter stocking progeny of 20 to 30 tails, feeding live cockroach, amphetamines, oysters and other live bait, with a small amount of artificial fresh bait, daily feeding bait 3 times -4 times.
2. After a period of intensive water temperature, the gonads of the broodstock gradually mature. The male hippocampus begins to estrus at about 16°C, while the female hippocampus only sees estrus at about 19°C. Therefore, during the cultivation period, artificial warming is required. When the natural water temperature reaches above 20° C. and is stable, male-male polyculture is conducted and the individuals are laid eggs by 1:1.
3. The light water temperature is 15°C, and the illumination is over 200 Lux. More than 50% of the male hippocampus begins to develop blue light, and the light intensity is below 200 Lux, and the estrus phenomenon is greatly reduced. In the breeding season, there is a certain role between the illumination of 5000Lux-10000Lux.
4. The proportion of more than 1.017 seawater to cultivate pro-hippocampus, less health and disease, the survival rate of more than 80%. Below 1.01, there are many diseases and mortality.
5. Breeding hippocampus mostly in the morning or early evening mating, during which the appetite decreased slightly, body color faded, males and females chased each other, and flowed side by side. When the excitement reached a climax, the rearing bag of the male anus expanded, showing a transparent, bag mouth. Open. Female genitals are prominent. The male and female tail hooked each other, and the females put the eggs into the male nursery bags where the eggs were fertilized. The parenting bag when mated is small, transparent and soft. With the development of the ligand in the bag, the bag becomes larger and darker. During the child-raising period, he was not happy to swim, and often used the bottom of the pool to reduce appetite. At this point should be carefully nursed, the operation should be brisk, the time from the water should not be too long, the temperature difference should be less than 2 °C -3 °C, to prevent miscarriage. Feeding 4 times -5 times a day, the bait should be fresh, the size is suitable, the amount of feeding should be less, the water quality should be clean, and the oxygen content is high. The fertilized eggs are hatched within 23 days to 25 days in the nursery bag. The number of seedlings per "fetal" in the hippocampus ranges from 10 to more than 1,000. Under artificial breeding conditions, some hippocampus have poor fertility. For example, only 20%-70% of the individuals in the sea horse and Sanzhe hippocampus have reproductive ability. This factor should be taken into consideration before planning nursery. Male hippocampus breeds seedlings before dawn, usually within a few minutes to ten minutes. If it is affected by low temperature or other factors, it can also be delayed by 1 day to 3 days. The quality of the seedlings produced in a short period of time is good, but the quality is poor when the duration is long. In case of dystocia, you can use the left hand to hold the pro-haima, and the right hand gently massages in the direction of the nursery bag to perform artificial midwifery. The quality of seedlings produced by artificial midwifery is also good. After the male hippocampus has finished its production, it should be picked up immediately and cultured separately from the seedlings to prevent it from swallowing or harming seedlings.
Third, the development of the hippocampus can be eaten after birth, it is necessary to share with the parents. In the growing process, attention should be paid to controlling the conditions of water temperature, water quality, bait, light and density to promote the effect of cultivation.
1. Stocking specifications are stocked individually in groups of individual size and sex. Body lengths up to 6 cm should be kept in nursery ponds. Normally, 1,000 seedlings are stocked per square meter. After 7 days to 15 days, the seedlings gradually increase in size. Can reduce it. More than 6 cm in the middle seahorse and adult hippocampus are placed in an area of ​​6 square meters -20 square meters of breeding ponds, stocking density of 300 and 100. In the hot season, appropriate sparse and change of water, low temperature season can be properly raised and reduced water change dictionary. If flow-through cultivation is used, the stocking density can be increased as appropriate.
2. Seawater temperature The seawater must be filtered through coarse sand or settled and clarified before it can be used to culture seahorses. The temperature range is 12°C-24°C. The survival rate of primary seedlings below 20°C is low, and above 25°C, the survival rate is high. Water temperature difference should not exceed 2°C.
3. Precipitation water After seawater is treated by sedimentation, the transparency is preferably 40 cm -50 cm. Change the water every day or every other day to keep the water fresh. If the conditions of the farm, you can engage in water culture, flow 1 ton per hour -2 tons. The seedlings began to change water after 3 days of birth, with a specific gravity of 1.008-1.015.
4. Feeding feeds should generally adopt fresh planktonic crustaceans as bait as far as possible. Live baits can be cultivated artificially or caught in natural waters. The bait should be processed to fit the size of the hippocampus. If the body length is less than 6 cm, a 1 mm to 3 mm cochropod larvae and a small copepod are to be cast; for a body length of 6 cm or more, a 5 mm to 8 mm colistus, acropoda, etc. Plankton crustaceans; the body length of more than 10 cm, the main bait is about 1 cm of shrimp or shrimp. Feed 2 times -3 times a day, and the daily dosage is 1.5 times the food intake. Feeding should be carried out during the day. In the dark, the seahorse stops feeding. The hippocampus is very bulimia. To prevent it from eating too much, it is necessary to observe and prevent the deterioration of the pool water caused by excessive feeding.
Hippocampus culture can be marketed for more than 10 cm. During transport, the water should be protected and the temperature of the water should be kept relatively constant. At the same time, the condition of the hippocampus should be checked frequently. If necessary, the water can be shaken or aerators can be used to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water and promote the survival rate of the hippocampus.
Fourth, the prevention and treatment of diseases
1. Causes of Gastrointestinal Disease: This is a disease of the digestive tract and the highest incidence is from May to September. It is mainly caused by food brought into the bacteria, and fed with rotten deteriorating bait. Symptoms: Reduced incidence of hippocampal activity, dementia, outliers, loose redness of the anus, slightly protruding or white. Therapy: 0.25 g -0.5 g oxytetracycline (4 tablets - 8 tablets) can be dissolved in 200 ml of sea water; the food to be fed is then soaked in the liquid for 15 minutes and then cast. After 4 days of feeding, the curative effect can be seen.
2. Causes of watery mildew: August to November are more common. The main reason is that the water quality is too muddy and unclean. Symptoms: The epidermis of the affected hippocampus has a layer of gray-white fibers that resemble hairs. After being stimulated, the fish body often struggles to swing and breathe slowly. Prevention: To prevent this disease, we must constantly change the water. If seawater is not clear, use 100 mesh sieve to filter or precipitate. Therapy: Treat the already affected hippocampus immediately. It is advisable to take 100 kg of fresh water into the tank and then soak the sick seahorse in fresh water for 10 minutes (if the soaking time exceeds 20 minutes, the hippocampus will immediately die), then remove it immediately and put it into the nursery. After 2 or 3 soakings, Saprolegnia can be frozen to death and fall off on its own.
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