I. Selection of breeds Different breeds and different individuals have a large difference in milk production capacity. The most common species currently selected is Holstein cows, commonly known as "black-and-white cows." Under the conditions of good husbandry and management, the species can produce 5,000-7,000 kilograms of milk per year, and 10,000 kilograms for the highest. In addition to black-and-white cows, there are Danish Red Bull, Simmental, etc. Milk production capacity is also strong, but the population is small. After selecting a good variety, we must also select individuals. Generally, we choose from the appearance. Good cows require individual tall, angular, clear-cut color; middle long, back waist does not collapse, chest width is deep, abdominal circumference is large without sagging, limbs and hoofs are solid; breasts are developed, nipple size is moderate, no deputy nipple; During the milk period, the breasts are soft, and during the lactation period, the surface of the breast is required to be thick and curved, and the whole body is plump without sagging. Second, to provide adequate fodder 1, green feed: refers to a variety of pasture, green straw and silage. Due to the large food intake of dairy cows, planting of pasture is not easy to supply all year round, and the seasonality of green straw is also very strong, so it is best to make silage. The method for making the silage is to dig the silo first, round or rectangular, surrounded by bricks, and then wipe the light with cement. The bottom and corners are rounded to store the material tightly and increase the height of the silo. More than 20 cm above the ground to prevent the inflow of rainwater. Various types of pastures and straws can be made short and filled with 65% to 70% moisture content. All compacted and sealed, ensure no air leakage. Autumn can be used for feeding after more than 1 month and 2 months in winter. Feed from little to large and gradually add. 2, roughage: refers to a variety of hay and straw. Because the nutrition of hay is higher than that of straw, it is better to dry some hay in summer and autumn. 3, concentrate feed: can buy mixed feed, can also be their own preparation. Energy feeds account for 70% to 75%, cakes and pans account for 20%, minerals, salt, and additives account for 5% to 10%. In general, every adult dairy cow needs 9,000 kg of green feed, 1,000 kg of roughage, and 2000 kg of concentrate feed each year. Third, careful feeding and management of good or bad dairy cow milk production has the greatest impact. Cowsheds have better ventilation and better daily cleaning. During the winter, you can spend more time in the sun outdoors and in the shade in the summer. Green fodder is adequately supplied, and it is better to eat without food; coarse feed is used as a collocation, and a small amount is added. The concentrate feed is calculated according to the milk yield: High-yielding dairy cows feed 3 kg of milk to feed 1 kg of fine material; low-yielding dairy cows feed 4 kg of milk to feed 1 kg of fine material. Regular feeding, can not feed mildew feed, do not drink cold water or dirty water. When milk is produced for about 10 months, gradually dry milk. There are two ways to dry milk: (1) gradually dry milk method. That is, the number of milking is reduced from 3 times a day to 1 time, and every other day thereafter. When milk production drops to 4 kg, the milking is stopped and the cows are gradually dry milk within 2 weeks. (2) Fast dry milk method. Reducing fine material, controlling green material and drinking water, milking once on the same day, and then the next day, allowing the cows to dry their milk within one week. Fourth, the correct milking The correct milking method is an effective means of obtaining high yields. Improper milking methods not only reduce milk production, but also damage the breasts, leading to mastitis. Milking should be started on the day when the cows were delivered. Milking should be done 3 times a day. Before each milking, they should be washed with warm water and massaged on the breasts. On the first day, only 2 kilograms were squeezed, 1/3 on the second day, and 1/2 on the third day. Special attention should be paid to the fact that the milk in the breast cannot be squeezed on the first day, otherwise it will easily lead to postpartum paralysis. Before hand-milking, nails must be washed and hands should be washed. Both hands should hold the nipples separately and milk should be evenly and quickly. Each cow should be squeezed within 6 to 10 minutes. Manual milking costs less, but it takes time and effort. It is best to configure the milking machine to milk, which not only saves time and effort, but also greatly reduces the chance of milk contamination. In addition, we must pay attention to the cleanliness before milking and sale, and ensure the quality of milk.
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