The winter greenhouse cucumber seedlings have always been a technical problem that people cannot open. They have emerged throughout the growing period, and the emergence of flowers and toppings in front of the gourd has made people even more puzzled. Some plants are weak, and most of them are caused by malnutrition. Some plants grow more vigorously, stems and leaves are hypertrophic, stems are stout, and fruiting is less. % of the flowers are topping; some individual plants in the greenhouse show flowers topping...
First, the reasons for the top
1, seedling period. Grafting good seedlings before planting There are three factors in flowering tops in the nutrient bowls: one is that nutrient soil nutrient content is too large and root tips are burned. Second, nutrient soil nutrient content is insufficient to meet the growth needs of seedlings. The third reason is that the age of the seedlings is too long and the fertilizer and water cannot be supplied in time.
2, slow seedling period. After the planting, there are more flowers in the seedling stage. The main factors are as follows:
(1) A large amount of uncooked crude fertilizer and a large amount of fertilizer are applied at the bottom of the floor. A large number of crude fertilizers and chemical fertilizers were applied to the sheds immediately after the sheds, super ridges, and overlying mulches, followed by colonization. The temperature of the greenhouse film and the mulching film are increased, and the underground fertilizer grows with the warm temperature of the greenhouse. When the new roots of the young seedlings are reduced to the fertilizer layer, the unfermented fertilizers produce heat leaven at high temperatures. Burning roots, causing a slow seedling topping.
(2) In the period of juvenile planting, the indoor temperature is relatively high, the sunny temperature is as high as 30°C, and the water evapotranspiration is large. The plants themselves consume more water, the bottom pods are small, the seedlings are insufficiently water-absorbed, the plants grow slowly, and finally the flowers are topping.
(3) The rooting of the seedlings during the sapling period is not timely, resulting in flowering. From the time of colonization to rushing water, the suitable period was 13 days. Some shanties were not watered on time, water was lacking, plants grew slowly, and flowering was formed.
3, the first melon period flower topping (1) before picking the melon is not timely irrigation, water nutrients can not meet the needs of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, making two kinds of growth competition fierce, if not timely irrigation of multi-element fertilizer, will lead to plant flowering top. (2) Picking melons is not timely, the formation of melons falling, the emergence of flowers topping. Some shanties do not pick melons in time, waiting for melon prices to increase and then harvesting, resulting in the phenomenon of pressure melons; large melon seeds develop rapidly and consume large amounts of water. The melon seeds grow slowly, and the young melons grow into melons, causing the plants to flower topping. (3) Insufficient base fertilizer, small seedlings, and cucurbit water did not provide sufficient multi-element mixed fertilizer in a timely manner. Plant nutrients were insufficient and growth was slow, resulting in flowering.
4, waist melon period. Before entering the melon period, that is, during the harvest period of lumbar gourds, the area north of 39.5 degrees north latitude is in a low temperature period. In this period, flower topping is easy to appear. The main factors are as follows:
(1) From the climatic conditions, it is in the low temperature period, and the suitable temperature difference for plant growth is not easy to control. The suitable temperature difference is 13-14 °C, the minimum is not less than 10 °C, and the ground temperature is not lower than 13 °C. This period of natural conditions, the general sunny days can be maintained at 25-28 °C during the day, sometimes up to 30 °C. In terms of management, it is not easy to open large side tuyere and top tuyere in the cold period, so during the day, it is easy to increase the temperature and keep warm, and it is difficult to keep warm at night. The night temperature of the greenhouse with good insulation performance is 11-12°C, which can break through the temperature limit of the shed, causing the plants to grow slowly and form a flower topping. (2) Do not pay attention to sparse melon, waist melon harvest time is a good period of time, some squatters only care about the immediate interests, stay more melon, more melons, more money, resulting in melons, this period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth imbalance . Strong and strong to keep 3-4 leaves to pick a melon, weak picks 6-7 leaves to pick a melon, can effectively prevent the emergence of flower topping. (3) As a result of phytotoxicity, some shanty households use excessive amounts of fumigant and bactericide, and the young growth point is inhibited, resulting in plant topping.
5, in the late (1) climatic conditions. When the temperature and ground temperature can meet the needs of plant growth, this period, plants, young melons grow rapidly, unit price is good, as long as the sheds melon, do not squat, reluctant to invest, apply an acre ammonia fertilizer 30 kg per mu, and this period of cucumber When growing acres, one needs to put ammonia, phosphorus, potassium and zinc mixed fertilizers of no less than 60-100 kilograms, the need for water is 5 days for one irrigation, and acre is not less than 10 tons of water each time, while shanty households have 4-5 times of irrigation water per mu. Ton, leading to flower topping.
(2) Physiological conditions. In this period, the capacity of sucking and fertilizing the plants is weaker than the previous period. To increase the income of the melons, more irrigation must be done to increase the income. Fertilizers should be used for fertilization and fertilization in order to meet the physiological needs of the plants and ensure the smooth progress of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. At the same time, attention should be paid to the discharge of moisture in order to avoid the high humidity and high temperature of the greenhouse, resulting in the occurrence of various diseases. At this time, if the use of pesticides is increased, the growth point is inhibited and the flower is topping.
Second, the fight to fight the top. To sum up, the quantitative indicators of the growth of cucumber plants used in the control of flower topping in the greenhouse of winter sunlight are as follows:
1. According to the comparison of varieties, Beijing “102†cultivated by the Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences has strong adaptability, and the general production of plants in the shed does not show flower topping. The main factor is the “102†high resistance to cold and disease.
2. The following management indicators should be paid attention to the commonly used New Qinqin, Changchun Mignon, etc.: (1) Medium level management. In the low temperature period, the sunshine hours are 8 hours, the daytime temperature is 25-28°C, the night temperature is 12-13°C, and 6 leaves are used to collect 1 melon. The plants do not appear to have flowers topping. (2) High-level management. The number of hours of sunshine during the low temperature period is 7.5 hours, the temperature during the day is 25-28°C, the night temperature is maintained at 11-12°C, and 4-5 leaves are harvested with 1 melon. The plants do not appear to have flowers topping. (3) Low-level management. In the low temperature period, the sunshine hours are 9 hours, the daytime temperature is 25-28°C, and the night temperature is kept at 12-13°C. The plants do not appear to have flowers topping.
First, the reasons for the top
1, seedling period. Grafting good seedlings before planting There are three factors in flowering tops in the nutrient bowls: one is that nutrient soil nutrient content is too large and root tips are burned. Second, nutrient soil nutrient content is insufficient to meet the growth needs of seedlings. The third reason is that the age of the seedlings is too long and the fertilizer and water cannot be supplied in time.
2, slow seedling period. After the planting, there are more flowers in the seedling stage. The main factors are as follows:
(1) A large amount of uncooked crude fertilizer and a large amount of fertilizer are applied at the bottom of the floor. A large number of crude fertilizers and chemical fertilizers were applied to the sheds immediately after the sheds, super ridges, and overlying mulches, followed by colonization. The temperature of the greenhouse film and the mulching film are increased, and the underground fertilizer grows with the warm temperature of the greenhouse. When the new roots of the young seedlings are reduced to the fertilizer layer, the unfermented fertilizers produce heat leaven at high temperatures. Burning roots, causing a slow seedling topping.
(2) In the period of juvenile planting, the indoor temperature is relatively high, the sunny temperature is as high as 30°C, and the water evapotranspiration is large. The plants themselves consume more water, the bottom pods are small, the seedlings are insufficiently water-absorbed, the plants grow slowly, and finally the flowers are topping.
(3) The rooting of the seedlings during the sapling period is not timely, resulting in flowering. From the time of colonization to rushing water, the suitable period was 13 days. Some shanties were not watered on time, water was lacking, plants grew slowly, and flowering was formed.
3, the first melon period flower topping (1) before picking the melon is not timely irrigation, water nutrients can not meet the needs of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, making two kinds of growth competition fierce, if not timely irrigation of multi-element fertilizer, will lead to plant flowering top. (2) Picking melons is not timely, the formation of melons falling, the emergence of flowers topping. Some shanties do not pick melons in time, waiting for melon prices to increase and then harvesting, resulting in the phenomenon of pressure melons; large melon seeds develop rapidly and consume large amounts of water. The melon seeds grow slowly, and the young melons grow into melons, causing the plants to flower topping. (3) Insufficient base fertilizer, small seedlings, and cucurbit water did not provide sufficient multi-element mixed fertilizer in a timely manner. Plant nutrients were insufficient and growth was slow, resulting in flowering.
4, waist melon period. Before entering the melon period, that is, during the harvest period of lumbar gourds, the area north of 39.5 degrees north latitude is in a low temperature period. In this period, flower topping is easy to appear. The main factors are as follows:
(1) From the climatic conditions, it is in the low temperature period, and the suitable temperature difference for plant growth is not easy to control. The suitable temperature difference is 13-14 °C, the minimum is not less than 10 °C, and the ground temperature is not lower than 13 °C. This period of natural conditions, the general sunny days can be maintained at 25-28 °C during the day, sometimes up to 30 °C. In terms of management, it is not easy to open large side tuyere and top tuyere in the cold period, so during the day, it is easy to increase the temperature and keep warm, and it is difficult to keep warm at night. The night temperature of the greenhouse with good insulation performance is 11-12°C, which can break through the temperature limit of the shed, causing the plants to grow slowly and form a flower topping. (2) Do not pay attention to sparse melon, waist melon harvest time is a good period of time, some squatters only care about the immediate interests, stay more melon, more melons, more money, resulting in melons, this period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth imbalance . Strong and strong to keep 3-4 leaves to pick a melon, weak picks 6-7 leaves to pick a melon, can effectively prevent the emergence of flower topping. (3) As a result of phytotoxicity, some shanty households use excessive amounts of fumigant and bactericide, and the young growth point is inhibited, resulting in plant topping.
5, in the late (1) climatic conditions. When the temperature and ground temperature can meet the needs of plant growth, this period, plants, young melons grow rapidly, unit price is good, as long as the sheds melon, do not squat, reluctant to invest, apply an acre ammonia fertilizer 30 kg per mu, and this period of cucumber When growing acres, one needs to put ammonia, phosphorus, potassium and zinc mixed fertilizers of no less than 60-100 kilograms, the need for water is 5 days for one irrigation, and acre is not less than 10 tons of water each time, while shanty households have 4-5 times of irrigation water per mu. Ton, leading to flower topping.
(2) Physiological conditions. In this period, the capacity of sucking and fertilizing the plants is weaker than the previous period. To increase the income of the melons, more irrigation must be done to increase the income. Fertilizers should be used for fertilization and fertilization in order to meet the physiological needs of the plants and ensure the smooth progress of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. At the same time, attention should be paid to the discharge of moisture in order to avoid the high humidity and high temperature of the greenhouse, resulting in the occurrence of various diseases. At this time, if the use of pesticides is increased, the growth point is inhibited and the flower is topping.
Second, the fight to fight the top. To sum up, the quantitative indicators of the growth of cucumber plants used in the control of flower topping in the greenhouse of winter sunlight are as follows:
1. According to the comparison of varieties, Beijing “102†cultivated by the Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences has strong adaptability, and the general production of plants in the shed does not show flower topping. The main factor is the “102†high resistance to cold and disease.
2. The following management indicators should be paid attention to the commonly used New Qinqin, Changchun Mignon, etc.: (1) Medium level management. In the low temperature period, the sunshine hours are 8 hours, the daytime temperature is 25-28°C, the night temperature is 12-13°C, and 6 leaves are used to collect 1 melon. The plants do not appear to have flowers topping. (2) High-level management. The number of hours of sunshine during the low temperature period is 7.5 hours, the temperature during the day is 25-28°C, the night temperature is maintained at 11-12°C, and 4-5 leaves are harvested with 1 melon. The plants do not appear to have flowers topping. (3) Low-level management. In the low temperature period, the sunshine hours are 9 hours, the daytime temperature is 25-28°C, and the night temperature is kept at 12-13°C. The plants do not appear to have flowers topping.
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