Manganese exists mainly in the blood and liver in chickens, and it is rarely found in other organs and skin, muscles, and bones. It is a component of arginase, and is an activator of guteptidase, carboxylase, ATPase, etc. It is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In addition, manganese is also required for skeletal development of the chicks. In the absence of manganese, the chick suffers from bone shortening or Chen "living scrofula," that is, the leg bones are slightly thicker, and the joints at the sacrum and sacrum are swollen. This causes the gastrocnemius muscles to slide out of the condyle and the diseased chicks cannot stand; The amount is significantly reduced, the eggshell is thinned, and the hatching rate of the hatching eggs is reduced.
Under normal circumstances, the chicken should contain 55 mg of manganese per kg of diet. Commonly used feeds for chickens such as cereals, oil cakes, bran, fish meal, etc., due to different origin, the amount of manganese varies greatly. In general, the content of manganese in compound feed can not meet the needs of chickens. Usually, 242 g of manganese sulfate (contained in trace element additives, equivalent to 55 g of pure manganese) is added to each ton of diet. To meet the needs of chickens, all manganese in the feed is used as a safety margin. Chickens are highly tolerant to excessive manganese. According to experiments, 0.1% of pure manganese is contained in adult chicken diets, which is nearly 20 times higher than the requirement. There is no obvious poisoning in a short period of time. Therefore, chickens rarely suffer from manganese poisoning, but excessive dietary manganese has a destructive effect on vitamin A.
Small ball lenses are widely used to couple optical fibers and semiconductor lasers, or another optical fiber, or light detectors.
The small ball lens is much smaller than the normal lens, and the whole is polished, so be careful when using it. However, it can reduce the size and weight of the device.
Can be divided into two types of small ball lenses without coating and anti-reflection coating. The anti-reflection film is a single-layer MgF2 film, corresponding to three wavelength bands: 400-700 nm, 700-900 nm and 1300-1550 nm.
The design wavelength of the lens is 587.6nm (yellow helium line [d line]).
Ball lenses feature short back focal lengths to minimize the distance needed from the ball Lens to the optical fiber. Ball lenses are commonly used to improve signal quality in fiber coupling applications, or for use in endoscopy or bar code scanning applications.
Half-Ball (hemispherical) lenses are ideal for applications such as fiber communication,endoscopy, microscopy, optical pick-up devices,and laser measurement systems.
Fused Silica Ball and Half-Ball Lenses:
(From 200nm to 2.2μm)
1,Excellent UV Transmission
2,Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
H-K9L Ball Lens,N-Bk7 Ball Lens,H-K9L N-Bk7 Ball Lens,High Precision Ball Lens
ChangChun Worldhawk Optics Co.,Ltd , https://www.worldhawk-optics.com