1) Rinsing: In order not to affect the quality and gel strength of pectin, the hawthorn slag after leaching needs to be rinsed with water to further remove the soluble components such as sugar, acid, and pigment remaining in the slag.
(2) Hydrolysis extraction: It includes the two processes of hydrolysis of protopectin and dissolution of pectin. In general, hydrolysis is carried out using a hot dilute acid solution as a hydrolyzate to make the pectin soluble pectin, but hydrolysis should not be excessive to prevent degradation of the soluble pectin to pectic acid. The extraction effect is related to the acidity of the hydrolysate, the temperature and time of hydrolysis extraction, and it can also be used for multiple extractions. According to experience, the pH of the general aqueous solution should be maintained at 1.8-2.5, the hydrolysis extraction temperature is 90-95°C, and the time is 50-60 minutes. The extraction water is preferably softened.
(3) Treatment of extract: After the extract is coarsely filtered, the solid impurities are separated by a butterfly-type centrifugal separator, and the starch in the extract is then hydrolyzed by an enzyme. The enzyme reaction conditions are: the amount of the amylase added is 1% to 2%, the reaction temperature is 45 to 50°C, the time is 2 to 3 hours, the enzyme reaction is heated, and the enzyme is kept at a temperature of 75 to 80°C for 3 to 5 minutes. 0.3% to 0.5% of activated carbon was added thereto, stirred at 50-60° C. for 20-30 minutes to decolorize the pectin, and finally filtered through Celite to obtain a clear pectin extract.
(4) Concentration of extracts of pectin: vacuum heating and concentrating is generally used. The clarified pectin extract is placed in a vacuum evaporator and concentrated under a vacuum of 81.3 to 86.6 kPa to make the soluble solids of the pectin. Content of 7% to 9%. This concentrate can be used as a raw material for beverages, and it can also be further processed into a powdered product.
(5) Processing of pectin powder: There are several methods for processing pectin powder with concentrated pectin solution:
1 spray drying method: drying with a spray dryer, hot air temperature 130 ~ 160 °C, dried and sieved with a pore size of 0.25 mm. The pectin powder processed by this method has fine particles, good solubility and low cost, but the impurities in the finished pectin powder are high.
2 Ethanol precipitation method: The concentrated pectin solution was placed in a coagulator, and the amount of pectin solution was 1.5% hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred for 30 seconds to promote the condensation of pectin, and some of the salts were dissolved to reduce the precipitation of impurities. Then add an equal amount of ethanol at a concentration of 90%, add it while stirring, and stir every 2 to 3 minutes after the addition, and pectin precipitates. The juice is used to remove juice, and the extracted juice is used for ethanol recovery. In the precipitated pectin, pectin was added twice as much as 95% ethanol, and the mixture was washed with stirring for 0.5 hour. Then, the resulting gel was taken out and the juice was dried. The washing was repeated twice in this manner, and the dried gel was discharged into a vacuum drying chamber and dried at 65 to 75° C. until the moisture content was 8% or less. The dried pectin powder was finely ground, passed through a 60-mesh sieve (mesh diameter 0.25 mm), and packaged as soon as possible after sifting. The pectin powder processed by this method has high purity and strong gel force, but the cost is high and the consumption of ethanol is large. Therefore, an ethanol recovery device must be provided when preparing the pectin powder by this method.
3 aluminum salt precipitation method: usually with aluminum sulfate precipitation, pectin extract can be concentrated without treatment. The pectin solution was slowly added to a certain concentration of aluminum sulfate solution during the stirring process, and then the pH was adjusted to 3.8-4.2 with ammonium hydroxide solution, and the pH was adjusted under stirring to prevent local alkalization and pectin release. Methyl effect. When the pH value reaches 3.5 or so, aluminum hydroxide starts to form. When the pH exceeds 3.5, aluminum hydroxide precipitates together with pectin to form a yellow-green gel. After stirring for a while, pectin can be completely precipitated. The moisture of the precipitated pectin was drained off with a trommel screen and washed with cold water to remove excess mother liquor, followed by pressure filtration and the filter cake was broken into 3 mm-sized pieces. Since aluminum hydroxide is insoluble in ethanol, aluminum hydroxide-pectin precipitated chips can be washed with ethanol containing 10% hydrochloric acid to convert the aluminum hydroxide therein to aluminum chloride and separate aluminum from pectin. For deacidification, pectin is washed sequentially with 75% basic ethanol and neutral anhydrous ethanol. After the filter press wet pectin contains about 60% of water, after drying to moisture content of 7% to 10% can be fine, sieving and packaging. The pectin produced by the aluminum salt method is yellow-green. The advantage of this method is that the amount of ethanol is small, but aluminum ions are not easily removed, and pectin contains more ash.
(2) Hydrolysis extraction: It includes the two processes of hydrolysis of protopectin and dissolution of pectin. In general, hydrolysis is carried out using a hot dilute acid solution as a hydrolyzate to make the pectin soluble pectin, but hydrolysis should not be excessive to prevent degradation of the soluble pectin to pectic acid. The extraction effect is related to the acidity of the hydrolysate, the temperature and time of hydrolysis extraction, and it can also be used for multiple extractions. According to experience, the pH of the general aqueous solution should be maintained at 1.8-2.5, the hydrolysis extraction temperature is 90-95°C, and the time is 50-60 minutes. The extraction water is preferably softened.
(3) Treatment of extract: After the extract is coarsely filtered, the solid impurities are separated by a butterfly-type centrifugal separator, and the starch in the extract is then hydrolyzed by an enzyme. The enzyme reaction conditions are: the amount of the amylase added is 1% to 2%, the reaction temperature is 45 to 50°C, the time is 2 to 3 hours, the enzyme reaction is heated, and the enzyme is kept at a temperature of 75 to 80°C for 3 to 5 minutes. 0.3% to 0.5% of activated carbon was added thereto, stirred at 50-60° C. for 20-30 minutes to decolorize the pectin, and finally filtered through Celite to obtain a clear pectin extract.
(4) Concentration of extracts of pectin: vacuum heating and concentrating is generally used. The clarified pectin extract is placed in a vacuum evaporator and concentrated under a vacuum of 81.3 to 86.6 kPa to make the soluble solids of the pectin. Content of 7% to 9%. This concentrate can be used as a raw material for beverages, and it can also be further processed into a powdered product.
(5) Processing of pectin powder: There are several methods for processing pectin powder with concentrated pectin solution:
1 spray drying method: drying with a spray dryer, hot air temperature 130 ~ 160 °C, dried and sieved with a pore size of 0.25 mm. The pectin powder processed by this method has fine particles, good solubility and low cost, but the impurities in the finished pectin powder are high.
2 Ethanol precipitation method: The concentrated pectin solution was placed in a coagulator, and the amount of pectin solution was 1.5% hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred for 30 seconds to promote the condensation of pectin, and some of the salts were dissolved to reduce the precipitation of impurities. Then add an equal amount of ethanol at a concentration of 90%, add it while stirring, and stir every 2 to 3 minutes after the addition, and pectin precipitates. The juice is used to remove juice, and the extracted juice is used for ethanol recovery. In the precipitated pectin, pectin was added twice as much as 95% ethanol, and the mixture was washed with stirring for 0.5 hour. Then, the resulting gel was taken out and the juice was dried. The washing was repeated twice in this manner, and the dried gel was discharged into a vacuum drying chamber and dried at 65 to 75° C. until the moisture content was 8% or less. The dried pectin powder was finely ground, passed through a 60-mesh sieve (mesh diameter 0.25 mm), and packaged as soon as possible after sifting. The pectin powder processed by this method has high purity and strong gel force, but the cost is high and the consumption of ethanol is large. Therefore, an ethanol recovery device must be provided when preparing the pectin powder by this method.
3 aluminum salt precipitation method: usually with aluminum sulfate precipitation, pectin extract can be concentrated without treatment. The pectin solution was slowly added to a certain concentration of aluminum sulfate solution during the stirring process, and then the pH was adjusted to 3.8-4.2 with ammonium hydroxide solution, and the pH was adjusted under stirring to prevent local alkalization and pectin release. Methyl effect. When the pH value reaches 3.5 or so, aluminum hydroxide starts to form. When the pH exceeds 3.5, aluminum hydroxide precipitates together with pectin to form a yellow-green gel. After stirring for a while, pectin can be completely precipitated. The moisture of the precipitated pectin was drained off with a trommel screen and washed with cold water to remove excess mother liquor, followed by pressure filtration and the filter cake was broken into 3 mm-sized pieces. Since aluminum hydroxide is insoluble in ethanol, aluminum hydroxide-pectin precipitated chips can be washed with ethanol containing 10% hydrochloric acid to convert the aluminum hydroxide therein to aluminum chloride and separate aluminum from pectin. For deacidification, pectin is washed sequentially with 75% basic ethanol and neutral anhydrous ethanol. After the filter press wet pectin contains about 60% of water, after drying to moisture content of 7% to 10% can be fine, sieving and packaging. The pectin produced by the aluminum salt method is yellow-green. The advantage of this method is that the amount of ethanol is small, but aluminum ions are not easily removed, and pectin contains more ash.
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (acronym given as eCG but not to be confused with ECG) is a gonadotropic hormone produced in the chorion of pregnant mares. Previously referred to as pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG), the hormone is commonly used in concert with progestogen to induce ovulation in livestock prior to artificial insemination.
We provide PMSG API both in solution and lyophilized powder. There are different assay, such as 100IU, 1000IU, 2500IU,5000IU, 10000IU, etc.
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin,Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin,Equine Gonadotropin API,Serum Gonadotropin For Pregnant Mare
Jiangxi Institute of Biological Products Inc. , https://www.jxinstitute.com