Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is the scientific name of red ginseng. It is a perennial herb of Lamiaceae. Taking root medicine, it has a new health, blood circulation, heart care and other effects. Production in Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces (districts).
At the beginning of the onset of symptoms, the lower leaves of the aboveground plants turn yellow, and the top leaves lose water and droop at noon high temperature weather, and can be recovered sooner or later. At the later stage, the entire plant leaves wilting and does not recover, and begins to rot from the base. Digging out of the ground, the roots of the plant's main root were water-stained and turned slightly pale yellow. Peeling the epidermis revealed that the pulpy part was completely rotted, and the rotted pith color was unchanged, with a slight odor and wet rot. Diseases of this type spread faster, and infected plants generally cause death within 1-2 weeks. When the soil is wet, it can occur shortly after planting, spread rapidly, and the roots can intermittently produce white mould, which is the mycelium or fruit body of the pathogen.
Phytophthora cactorμm (Leb. et Cohn) Schroet. Phytophthora cv. In the V8 juice medium, the aerial mycelium is sparse, light-colored, with few branches, the young mycelium is colorless, without segregation, finer, and 2-4 μm wide. The older mycelium is thicker and slightly yellowish. Sparse septum may appear at the later stage. The width is 5-6 μm and the branches are in a right angle. There is no difference between sporangia and mycelia, and the branches are axial, and the sporangia are terminal or infertile. , Larger number, no visible layer; Sporocyst pear-shaped or nearly spherical, with a size of 20-3418-28(μm), Length-to-width ratio l-1. 2, Sporangial papillae are obvious or not obvious, single or Double, especially in the intersporangium with double mastoid is more common, mastoid high 0.5-6μm, 3.5-6μm wide, mature sporangia easy to fall off, the base is nearly circular, without handle or handle, Stem length 0.5-3μm, sporangia easy to germinate in water, release of zoospores, zoospores kidney shape, almost spherical when resting. With the same ancestral cooperation, the number of ovipositors is large, spherical, pale yellow, the surface is not smooth, diameter 18-26(21) μm, male stick-shaped, most of the same silk, lateral, smaller, 6-104-7 (μm ); oospore spherical, pale yellow, near full device, diameter 14-20μm, wall thickness 1.5-4μm. The optimal growth temperature is 23-28°C, and no thick-walled spores are formed. On CMA and PSA, mycelium flourished and sporangia, ovipositors, and males can be formed, but with large variations.
Pathways and Pathogens Germs and mycelia are left over in the soil with mycelia and oocysts. The mycelia or oospores encounter water in the next year to produce sporangia and zoospores, which are transmitted to the Salvia miltiorrhiza through irrigation water and rainwater. Germinating tube, producing an adhering device and infiltrating silk penetrates the epidermis into the host body, occurs in 2-3 days in high temperature and high humidity conditions, produces a large number of sporangia on it, spreads by rain or water, spreads, and repeats infection for many times . The bacteria produce sporangia in two ways: First, a short mycelial sporangia is extracted from the stomata, and a sporangium is formed at the top. The second is to extract the mycelium from the stomata, branch the mycelium, grow the mycelial spore cyst on the branch, and form the sporangium on the top. The sporocyst releases zoospore on the leaf surface for 2 hours after germination or the sporangium germinates directly and grows out of the germ tube, begins to invade from the guard cell gap of the stomata, the hyphae spreads among the cells of the leaf cells and in the cells, and also has hyphae protruding from the stomata. , and then invade from the stomata or spread on the leaf surface. The severity of the disease is related to the arrival of the rainy season, sooner or later, the temperature and the amount of rainfall. The year of high onset of early air temperature is heavy. It generally begins to enter the onset of the rainy season and rapidly expands or spreads in the event of heavy rainstorms. Production on continuous cropping or the use of flat ridge cultivation is prone to disease, long-term flood irrigation, watering times, heavy water incidence.
Prevention methods (1) Three years or more of rotation. (2) The use of sorghum cultivation can reduce contact with pathogens. If mulching can be used, the effect is better. (3) Strengthen water and fertilizer management, apply compost made from fermented bacteria, increase phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and appropriately control nitrogen fertilizers. Conditional fertilization techniques can be used conditionally. The diseased plants were immediately removed and the lime was disinfected. (4) After the emergence of the central diseased plant, spray 72% of cream urea manganese zinc (Ke Kang Ling) WP 800 times or 72% of DuPont Kelu or 72% of WP wet 800-1000 times, 56% Reliance on water dispersed micro-granules 800 times, 18% mesalamine manganese zinc wettable powder 600 times, 70% phosphine manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times, every 667m2 spray good liquid 50L, every 10 days About 1 time, depending on the condition control 2-3 times.
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