1, organic fertilizer (8% of fermented animal feces, 8% of orange straw or grass powder)
2. 38% of soybean meal, 10% of corn, 12% of wheat, 15% of fish meal (silkworm powder, fly maggot powder)
3. Viable preparation (EM stock solution) 1%
4, methionine, lysine, vitamins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, humic acid, protease, amylase, active peptide 5%
5, trace elements 3% (N = 0.5%, P = 1%, K = 1%, Ca, Na, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Si)
1 Main categories of microbial feed for fish
The microbial feed for fish is a safe, pollution-free, residue-free high-quality feed containing beneficial bacteria that is produced by fermentation and drying using a mixture of beneficial microorganisms and feed, starting from the theory of microecology and green food. Friendship, 2001). At present, there are mainly four types of microbial feed for fish, namely Yeast Feed, Geotrichum Feed, Chlorella Feed, and Bacterial Feed (Sugita, 1999).
1.1 Yeast Feed Yeast contains 46% to 65% protein, which can replace fishmeal feed fish. It also has rich vitamin and phosphorus content, and is an important raw material for enzyme preparations. In addition, it also contains plant insulin, which has the effect of promoting fish intake. Therefore, the addition of yeast to fish feed can significantly increase the survival rate of fish and increase fish production.
1.2 Geotrichum candidus glyphosate refined dry powder, moisture content 18.6%, in dry matter, containing crude protein 50.7%, crude fat 3.6%, crude fiber 4.7%, nitrogen-free extracts 27 .1%, crude ash 13.9%, can be used as a protein feed for fish.
1.3 Chlorella Chlorella feed contains 40% to 50% protein, 10% to 30% fat, 10% to 25% carbohydrate, and 6% ash. The caloric content per gram of dry matter is 5.5 kcal, contains 1000 to 3000 Ug of vitamin A, and 2000 to 4000 g of vitamin C. It also contains phosphorus that is easily absorbed by fish. It is easy to cultivate.
Fish feed.
1.4 Bacterial Feed The protein digestibility, biovalent price, and protein absorption and utilization rate of bacterial feeds are high. Protein content as high as 75% to 82%, higher than other microbial feed. Such as methanol bacteria feed, dry matter contains crude protein 81.9%, crude fat 7.9%, crude ash 9.7%, is an excellent protein feed.
2 The main advantages of microbial feed for fish'
2.1 The nutrients in nutrient-rich microbial feeds are rich in nutrients, such as photosynthetic bacteria, high crude protein content of 65%, and rich in B vitamins, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, carotenoids, calcium, phosphorus and more Trace elements, coenzyme Q and so on. In addition, some microorganisms produce physiologically active substances such as somatotropin during fermentation or metabolism to produce various enzymes, which increase the activity of digestive enzymes in animals, contribute to the digestion and absorption of food, and promote the growth and development of animals.
2.2 Preventing Diseases The beneficial microorganisms in microbial feeds regulate the host's bacterial flora structure through competition, inhibit the growth of harmful organisms, reduce and prevent diseases, and at the same time prevent the accumulation of harmful substances, amines and ammonia, and protect the body from poisoning. In addition, microbial feed is a good immune activator that stimulates animals to produce interferon and improve immunity (Qi Hongli, 2004).
2.3 Eliminating pollutants and purifying water quality China's intensive and semi-intensive aquaculture production is still basically followed by aquaculture and non-polluting pond culture. Feeding, sewage, and activities of farmed animals are carried out in the same pond. The excrement, residual feed, plankton debris and other organic matter of farmed animals accumulate in the pool, causing deterioration of water quality, which brings great harm to culture.
After the beneficial microorganisms in the microbial feed enter the culture water, they can degrade various organic substances, eliminate toxic factors, stabilize the pH value, provide nutrients for the propagation of unicellular algae, and promote the propagation of algae. Therefore, disease prevention and health can be achieved. The effects of aquaculture can also reduce the amount of water used for aquaculture, increase the effective utilization of aquaculture water, and reduce the pollution of the aquaculture environment (Li Zhuojia, 1999).
2.4 Improve the performance of aquatic animals Microbial feeds are used in aquatic animals. There is no drug residue, which can improve the safety of aquatic products. At the same time, microorganisms in microbial feed can reduce the deposition of visceral fat, so that the aquatic animals have a good shape. Good meat quality and strong disease resistance (Zhu Jian, 2003).
2.5 Improving Feed Quality and Hygiene Safety Anti-nutritional factors and poisons in feeds are widely present in various feed ingredients, reducing the nutritional value and utilization of feed, and using microbial fermentation in microbial feeds to eliminate or inhibit feeds. Medium anti-nutritional factors and toxic substances (Fang Xixiu, 2003). Yang Jingzhi (1998) cultivated B bacteria, and the detoxification rate of gossypol was about 60%, which increased the soluble protein content by 3 to 11 times. In addition, the fermentation of microorganisms can change the physical and chemical properties of feed ingredients, increase digestion and absorption rates, extend the shelf life, or turn waste into treasure, turning shell residues into feed, thereby improving feed quality and health and safety.
2.6 Saving aquaculture costs In aquaculture, feed costs account for more than 60% of aquaculture costs, and reducing feed costs is the key to increasing the economic benefits of fish farming. The use of photosynthetic bacteria, etc., to produce crop straw (such as wheat straw, straw, corn stalks, peanut shells, etc.) to produce microbial feed for fish, not only significantly improved the aquaculture effect, and feed costs can be greatly reduced.
3 Application effect of microbial feed in aquaculture
The use of crop stalks to produce microbial feed for fish has a nutritional value higher than that of corn, and has comprehensive nutrition, and due to its large size and small specific gravity, the suspension time in water is as long as 1 h, which is an ideal feed for fish and shrimp. Yang Health (1998) mainly uses feedstuffs produced by microbial fermentation of crop stalks, combined with fertilization and water quality control and management, for tilapia, squid and other fish breeding. The results showed that the feed coefficient was 4 and the breeding effect was good. Liu Hongwei (1995) placed 1:1 mixed pig manure with conventional fish feed in a fermentation vessel and added yeast seed meal in a ratio of 100:1. Stir well, keep it firm, seal it with plastic film, and ferment at 10-15°C. After 15 days of fermentation at 21 d or 15-20 °C, the pellets were fed to the fish. Compared with the conventional compound feed, the cost was reduced by half and the feeding effect was the same.
4 Notes on the use of microbial feed in aquaculture
The following points should be noted when using microbiological feeds: 1) Whether the environment is suitable for the survival and reproduction of beneficial bacteria, such as simultaneous use of disinfectants, antibiotics, or use of short intervals, will reduce the effect, and should generally be at least 5 days apart. 2) The activation and reproduction of beneficial bacteria require oxygen consumption. Therefore, it is best to use the supplemental oxygen on sunny mornings or after use in order to exert ideal effects and effects. 3) The beneficial bacteria should be formed as soon as possible, so the number of viable bacteria in the bacteria should reach a certain number of indicators. The amount of live bacteria used for the first time should be sufficient after the first use and change of water.
The potential for the development of microbial feed production in China is very large. We should use all available resources to research new strains, new techniques, and new equipment. We must vigorously promote microbial feed for fish in accordance with local conditions and promote the development of aquaculture.
The Fluorochemicals compound is a new field in modern organic chemistry. It has a special physical and chemical properties, so it is widely used in the earliest development of applied pesticides and rat poison. During World War II it was developed in some countries appliedas antimicrobial agents, there are more and more new research suggests that fluorochemical will play an increasingly more important role in the field of anticancer drugs. We started later in the field of fluorochemicals, but we have a strong sense of his enormous potential, and we are increasing investment to catch up. We will custom product which has potential market prospects from gram and kilogram-class through process optimization, enlarged to the size of ton. Currently we have developed more fluorochemical compounds in the benzoic acid range, the number of products have been more than 2017.
Fluorochemicals
Organic Fluorochemical Compound,FluorineCompounds,Containing Benzoic Acids
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