The red snapper, commonly known as "American redfish," is a marine economic fish native to central Mexico. As the fish is delicate, delicious, and the market is selling well, it is a fine new species introduced by the sea cage breeding industry in Fujian Province. The results of Pingtan County's many years of experimentation show the advantages of rapid growth, large individuals, high yields, and good economic returns. According to the county's experience in recent years, the aquaculture production experience has been combined with the relevant information as follows:? 1. Biological characteristics? The scientific name of the red whistle plover is the first fish of the pufferfish, which belongs to the genus Apogonidae of the scorpionfish. Its morphological characteristics are characterized by the appearance of erythema in the milky abdomen; juvenile fish has a large dark spot at the base of the tail shank, and a large dark spot on the side and back of the body. Adult fish are longer in shape and blunt in the head. The fish has strong adaptability, which can be cultured in seawater and cultured in freshwater after acclimation by salinity. Suitable temperature 80 °C ~ 35 °C; suitable salt 0 ~ 40; PH value 6 ~ 9, dissolved oxygen 2 ~ 20mg / l. Life habits in the natural state of habitat depth of 30 ~ 40m; sediment for the mud, sand, shellfish and rock and other sea areas, but the juveniles like coastal waters have more algae growth bottom distribution. Each year from March to May, the colony breeds, and the number of individual eggs reaches 100 to 1.7 million grains. Sex likes to move vertically, evenings and mornings multiply in the ground floor, and pelagic upper and lower layers during the day and night. During the breeding season, they swim from the deep sea to the shallow sea and spawn after they spawn. For example, under artificial propagation conditions, rotifers, copepods, Artemia nauplii, and nauplii can be fed as an open bait; the animals are fed a slightly larger animal feed. The protein content of chilled diets and soft pellets fed in actual production ranges from 42% to 48%. ? 2, seedling cultivation? 2.1, seed cultivation had "pun". The first is the selection of customs: Select strong, disease-free "reverse hydraulic" stronger seedlings. Stocking specifications 3 to 6cm, density 250 to 350 tails/m2. The second is disinfection: disinfection before stocking, commonly used drugs are formalin, rifampicin, quaternary ammonium salt, povidone, and litering. Generally use formalin soaking concentration 200 ~ 300PPM, soaking time 2 ~ 3 minutes, do a good job disinfection. 2.2, control the amount of feed feeding. Due to long-distance transportation and environmental changes, seedlings do not ingest food for 2 days to 7 days. After a period of recovery, the food intake gradually increased and it was necessary to feed a suitable amount of fresh and high-quality small fish. The daily dosage is 5% to 8% of the fish's body weight. Have more meals in the morning, morning, afternoon, evening or night. In order to enhance the nutrition of fish species and enhance anti-stress and immunity, a variety of vitamin C, E and mineral nutrients can be added to the diet. ? 3, cage development? 3.1, do the sea area choice. The red snapper is similar to the real net method, but its actual production also has its different points. Such as the use of natural sea area breeding conditions: First, fresh water, transparency 1.5m or more; Second, smooth flow, flow rate of 0.3 ~ 0.5m / sec; Third, the water level in the culture zone in the tide low tide more than 5m, sandy bottom Fourth, it is convenient for land and sea transportation, which will facilitate the transportation of seed, feed and products. 3.2, strictly control the water temperature. Water temperature is closely related to the success or failure of red snapper breeding, and it is the main factor that determines the metabolism, growth rate and food intake of the hot water snapper. Because the best temperature of the fish is 23°C～29°C, the growth rate is fastest from August to November each year (the young fish who prefer to live in this year enjoy higher water temperature, while those above the third year of age prefer lower temperature). The low water temperature limit is 8°C. For this reason, the selection of the breeding sea area is not expected to be lower than 8°C. Otherwise, it cannot be overwintering and it is unfavorable for breeding. In recent years, the practice of breeding shows that the water temperature grows slowly below 20°C, while the water temperature between 25°C and 30°C, the juvenile fishes between 250g and 350g increase by an average of 100g or more per month, and the juvenile fish above 350g grows on average every month. 150g or more. 3.3, seedling sources and marketing. The young fingerlings of Red snapper originated from artificial propagation in Taiwan. They are introduced to Taiwan from the middle of May to June every year, and they are put into 3.5 to 5 cm seedlings, each priced at around RMB 3 yuan. Under normal growth conditions, carefully reared until the Spring Festival that year, the weight of up to 350 ~ 400g, which is the Hong Kong people's favorite food of the Qiaopin goods, price 50-60 yuan per kg. Such as the development of more than 500g of finished fish, sold to Taiwan, the price per kg of more than 60 yuan, and an excellent market. 3.4. Scientific feeding management. (1) Washing fry: For fry purchased, first raise for about 1 week, wait until physical strength returns to normal, use fresh water to dip for 5-8 minutes, and quickly put the fry on a prefabricated canvas cage. The box is filled with fresh water 1~1.5t in advance, allowing the fish to swim freely for about 10 minutes, and can be fed into a new cage. For newly hatched fry, insist on freshwater dipping once every 5 days; until the fry grows up to 150-250g in weight, then dip once in half a month; when the fish weighs more than 300g, 1 month to 2 Dipping once a month. In the operation of the above-mentioned dipped fish body, the operation is rapid and easy to handle with care; be careful, strictly prohibit mechanical injury, prevent disease and injury. (2) Screening bin: Red snapper grows rapidly. Under artificial feeding conditions, the first anniversary can be about 1kg long, 2 years up to 2.5 to 3.5kg, and 3 years up to about 5kg. As the body of fish continues to grow, screening boxes are used to reduce density. Specific criteria: 3 to 6 cm seedlings, density 150/m3; 15 to 19 cm seedlings, density 50/m3; seedlings above 20 cm, density 30/m3. (3) Feeding bait: fresh small fish are chopped and chopped. After about 30 to 60 days, body weight increased by about 1 times. To ensure that all bait is fed by fish. Can be flexibly adjusted: in the fish do not eat or eat less, less or not to vote bait; water temperature exceeds 32 °C, the amount of feeding reduced by half; four consecutive days or more cloudy days stop feeding; high temperature and low pressure period adjust the amount of feeding; More than once, feeding 2 or 3 times a day, especially in the morning is the best bait, you can get the maximum growth rate; season off fishing fresh bait, feeding completely thawed bait, clean with water, mixing yeast tablets or glucose powder Feeding, the amount of 15kg bait plus 30 ~ 50g yeast tablets, or 25kg bait plus 1kg glucose powder; feeding a fixed position less waste; cold days should be raised in the afternoon water temperature feeding; if the fish should stop eating should identify the reasons for timely measures After the fish are fed and fed normally, the frozen sea mud shall not be digested with high-fat, and it is easy to become oily after eating. In the summer, the feeding is stopped 24 hours before fishing. (4) Daily management: 1 except for attachments. During the aquaculture process, due to various algae, primitive organisms, shellfish, barnacles, sea squirt, etc., the nets are attached to plug meshes and hinder the exchange of water inside and outside the cages, resulting in deterioration of water quality, lowering of dissolved oxygen, and affecting the normal growth of fishes. clothes. 2 daily observation. One is to observe the swimming of the fish; in the hot weather, it is necessary to inspect in the early morning to prevent dead fish. Normal fish swimming around the cage around the law, found mad chaos, take timely measures; Second, monitoring of water areas: such as water temperature, specific gravity, dissolved oxygen, PH value, etc., to facilitate understanding of water quality; Third, observe the fish: check Fish mucus and color, found the disease timely treatment. 3 shade escape. The general fish are restricted to live in the water layer within 3m, partly due to strong light, losing luster and white, loss of appetite; and the fish is ferocious and easy to skip the net to escape the fish, so it is covered by a small net mesh outside the cage. Shade and escape. 4 security inspection. Check whether the floating frame is moving, whether the four corner ropes and anchor ropes of the cage are firm or not, whether the box body is damaged, and whether there is residual bait or dead fish in the box. 5 defense typhoon. Strong typhoons threaten cage fish farming and seriously prevent typhoons. ? 4, disease prevention? 4.1, viral diseases: (1) red blood cell necrosis. Pathogen: VEN virus. Symptoms: Pupae and viscera are pale, inactive, and the external stimuli are weak and food intake is reduced. Governing Law: to improve the network environment, disinfection and isolation, to reduce the spread of germs; second use of antibacterial or antiviral drugs to reduce the harm caused by concurrent infection. (2) lymphocystis disease. Pathogen: VCV virus. Symptoms: Fish is ugly, slow-growing, and has reduced stress. Governing law: one with iodophor (PVP-1) for medicinal bath or pharmaceutical bait feeding; second splash bactericidal drugs or antibiotic drugs to prevent secondary infection. There is no specific drug treatment. 4.2, bacterial diseases: (1) vibriosis. Pathogen: Vibrio anguillarum. Symptoms: dark dullness, anemia in the ankle, prominent eyeballs, redness in the bases of the fins, redness in the anus, yellowish white mucus in the stool, infection in the skin, ulceration, red blood, detachment of the fins, and increased mucus. Governing law: a vaccine made by injecting formalin to inactivate pathogens; two oral antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, tetracycline, in an amount of 30 to 50 mg/day per kg of fish; and the third is to be disinfected with a chlorine-containing agent or nitrofurazone. Make the water 0.5ppm to 1ppm. (2) Streptococcus disease. Pathogen: Streptococcus bacteria. Symptoms: darkened fish body, pale pelvis, congested eyeballs, swelling, prominent, fin hyperemia, ulcer rot, tail body bleeding ulcer, abdominal cavity water. Governing law: to avoid fish body injury, timely removal of parasites in fish; second use of doxycycline per 1kg of fish per day 30 ~ 50mg, mixed feed fed for 5 to 7 days; three erythromycin daily per 1kg of fish 30 ~ 50mg The mixed feed was fed for about 10 days. (3) Anaerobic bacterial disease. Pathogen: Anaerobic bacteria. Symptoms: Congestion or ulceration of the fins, hepatomegaly, dark red due to bleeding and steatosis, sick fish dying lively, roaming the water surface or resting on the water, and swam swimming for several days. Governing Law: Keeping the environment clean, appropriate feeding, reducing stocking densities, preventing fish from being injured; 2 erythromycin 40-50 mg per day for 1 kg of fish, fed with feed for 5 days; 3 daily use of tetracycline, chloramphenicol per 1 kg of fish Plain feed. 4.3. Diseases of protozoa: (1) Starch egg algae disease. Pathogen: starch dinoflagellates. Symptoms: The sick fish floats on the surface of the water, breathing faster, irregular opening and closing of the lid, loss of appetite or not eating, slow swimming, and a lot of white spots on the body surface. Governing law: a soak with fresh water for 4 to 5 hours; the second is a copper sulfate solution 2mg/l medicine bath for 2 hours, once a day, three times in a row; three with 2 ~ 3mg/l chelated copper compound medicine bath. (2) Cryptonucleosis. Pathogen: Stimulation of Cryptosporidium. Symptoms: There are more white spots on the fish's body surface, more white worms under the skin, more mucus on the body surface, and punctate hyperemia of the skin. Governing Law: Same as "Starch Ovalonosis". (3) Trichinosis. Pathogen: Trichomonas. Symptoms: Increased secretion of sputum and mucus on the body surface, difficulty breathing, slow swimming, loss of appetite, or refusal to eat. The governing law is the same as "cryptosporosis." ?
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