The root system is an important part of red meat pomelo. Its main function is to absorb water and nutrients from the soil while storing certain organic nutrients. The root system has the function of fixing the tree body in the soil, and it can also produce root ridges, which can reproduce and renew. The root consists of the main root, lateral roots and fibrous roots. The fibrous roots generally have no root hairs and symbiotically form with the fungi in the soil. The fungus replaces the root hair to absorb the water and nutrients in the soil. The fungus obtains organic nutrients from the root, and has strong activity in the oxygen-rich soil, thereby forming the growth characteristics of the red meat honey pummelo root. Therefore, cultivating a deep, broad, and dense root system is one of the important tasks for the cultivation of red-fruited grapefruit.
(1) Distribution of Roots Teak trees with high pressure are usually rooted from the adventitious roots of the branches and are called self-root trees. The seedling root system is formed by the growth of the radicle of the seed. The grafted and propagated grapefruit tree is the root system of the rootstock; the radicle grows vertically and forms the main root, and many lateral roots develop on the main root. The angle formed between the lateral roots and the main root is generally closer to the ground. The larger the angle of the lateral roots, is almost parallel to the surface, so it is called the horizontal root. The more vertically downward roots grow almost perpendicular to the surface, called vertical roots.
There is no obvious main root in the plants that are produced by the bead compared with the real grapefruit. In the backbone roots and lateral roots, many small roots or multiple roots are produced, collectively called fibrous roots. The pomelo tree has many fibrous roots and its distribution is reticular.
The distribution of red meat honeyed grapefruit roots is closely related to seedling propagation methods, soil conditions, and cultivation measures. The distribution of roots directly affects the growth and development of red meat honey pomelo. The horizontal roots are mostly distributed in the soil layer within 10 to 25 centimeters from the surface and have strong vitality. Such as strengthening the cultivation and management, the horizontal roots grow more and more widely, can promote rapid growth, rapid growth and early results. The high-pressure breeding seedlings are dominated by horizontal roots, vertical roots are not obvious, and the root distribution layer is shallow. If planted on a deep soil, fertile continent or mature red soil hillside, honey pomelo root system is generally widely distributed, nutrient absorption surface is large, tree vigor is lush, showing high yield, stable yield, strong resistance; such as the soil layer Shallow, bottom hard disk or groundwater level high or viscosity is too strong, root distribution is generally not deep, shallow disk, nutrient absorption surface is narrow, sensitive to changes in soil temperature and humidity and fertility, poor resistance, general performance early The result is also premature and the yield is low.
The vertical roots of saplings grow fast. In particular, the grafted seedlings are more pronounced, often forming an overgrowing root system, causing the shoots to stand upright, the plants to grow in length, and the result being late. If the soil is expanded after the juvenile tree is planted, the fertility of the topsoil can be increased. Later, the fertility can be increased as the crown expands, and the branches can be stretched to expand the crown circumference, which can weaken the growth potential of the top and promote the rapid growth of horizontal roots. To achieve high yields in premature labor. The adult result tree can be deep-turned and soil-improved and covered with earth. This can continuously deepen the soil layer, improve the growth conditions of the roots, maintain a strong root layer, and achieve high yield and stable production.
(2) Relationship between root growth and soil conditions Root growth is closely related to soil conditions. Under certain conditions of soil moisture, when the temperature reaches above 12°C, red-fruited pomelo begins to grow. When the temperature reaches 16°C, it grows faster. When the temperature is 23 to 30°C, it grows rapidly, and when it reaches 37°C, it grows slowly. The relationship between root growth and soil moisture is also very close. It is most appropriate to have a field capacity of 60% to 80%. In case of drought, it will affect the growth of the roots, but the leaves will be wilted, severe leaves will fall off, branches will spring, the tree vigor will decline, and even die. If there is too much water, there will be insufficient air in the soil, causing boring roots, rotted roots, yellowing, and weakened tree vigor. Therefore, strengthening soil management, increasing organic fertilizers to improve soil, rational farming, fertilizing, covering, irrigation and drainage, and regulating the relationship between soil, fertilizer, water, gas and heat can promote root growth.
(3) Alternate growth of roots and shoots The occurrence of new roots requires the supply of organic nutrients inside the tree and must be performed under certain conditions of temperature and humidity. Therefore, the growth of roots is significantly affected by the growth and development of the shoot and external conditions.
The roots of the juvenile result tree had three peaks of growth during the year and were apparently alternated with shoot growth. After the first peak of the hair roots stopped growing at the spring tip and before the summer shoots were pumped, the external conditions were suitable. After the spring shoots were turned green, a large amount of organic nutrient supply roots were accumulated, which was the highest amount of hair rooting in the whole year. However, if the winter deciduous is severe, the nutrient accumulation of the tree is less, the spring shoots are weak, the leaves are thin and small, the color is late, the accumulated organic nutrition is less, and new roots occur less. The second peak of hair rooting occurs after the summer shoots and before the autumn shoots. Because the temperature is high, the summer shoots are in the rapid expansion phase of the fruit at the same time, and nutrient consumption is large and the amount of hair roots is less. After the peak of the third peak in the autumn shoots, the autumn shoots accumulated a lot of nutrients, and the fruits also entered the meat transformation period. The consumption of nutrients was relatively small, and the number of hairy roots was also high. If the saplings are rich in water and fertilizer, the root system will grow rapidly after each withdrawal.
The growth of mature fruit roots and branch shoots is very different from that of the previous year. If there are many results in the year, the growth of the roots will be weakened, and there will be no obvious peaks. Therefore, by controlling tipping, shaping, pruning, adjusting the amount of results, and strengthening fertilizer and water management, the balanced growth and development of roots, branch shoots and flowers and fruits can be promoted, which is the basis for achieving high yield, stable production, and high quality.
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