The main causes of apple rot disease are: First, the tree load is too much, causing the tree nutrient accumulation to decrease. After the bacteria invade, due to the weakening of the tree's resistance, it is easy to cause the disease; second, urea nitrogen fertilizer is often used for fertilization. In the main, peasant manure and compound fertilizers are rarely used, resulting in imbalance of nutrient elements, especially in the absence of trace elements, resulting in decreased tree immunity, frequent diseases, and premature aging; third, during the transformation of old orchards, Due to the excessive number of orchard pathogens in the original orchards, they were not well disinfected when they were newly planted. After germination, the bacteria recurred and re-emerged, resulting in serious disease and severe rot-root dead seedlings.
In view of the above, the prevention and control of apple rot disease should be based on comprehensive prevention and control from the establishment of gardens to the management of mature orchards. The specific measures are as follows:
At the beginning of the construction period, if the old orchard renews the land, the newly planted apple trees will be grounded and disinfected. In the fall, “Yamoulding†can be used to sterilize the soil. In the early spring, when planting in the early spring, active bio-fertilizers (such as JIRUNYUAN organic fertilizer and Fengmin with organic fertilizer) are applied in custom-made pits. After planting, the plants are strong. The agent “Bai Hu†is used for irrigation at 15000 times to reduce the infection and incidence of germs. The ground-based prevention and treatment will catch the infection of spring bacteria, the spread of pathogens in late autumn, and the whole garden will be disinfected and sterilized in the winter and early spring when the incidence is high, eliminating pathogens and reducing the incidence of rot diseases.
After entering the result period, determine the tree's reasonable load based on the tree growth to prevent over-loading. The use of fertilizers is dominated by organic and inorganic compound fertilizers, and a large number of elements are combined with trace elements. Note that all year round inspection of fruit tree body for pathogen infection and disease spots. Once the lesions are found, the light can be used to apply the fungicide (phenomenidazole, ganbaobao, etc.) and “Baihu†500 times liquid after scratching the lesion. The “Biao†can inhibit the spore germination of the pathogen and promote Damaged cells are repaired; severe lesions can be removed by scraping, and “bi care†500 times fluid is applied around the diseased part to promote wound healing. When the lesion is too large, bridging and other methods should be used to restore the tree potential.
The incidence of rot disease is more related to the deficiency of calcium and silicon in the apple tree body. Attention should be paid to timely supplementation during fertilization and foliar spraying. Calcium is beneficial to absorption in the alkaline soil, and because of its poor mobility, it is very easy to cause calcium deficiency in the tree. Calcium is the main component of calcium pectinate in the cell wall and intercellular space of trees. Calcium-deficient fruit trees have reduced cell wall and intercellular space toughness, and cells are easily infected by bacteria, making them susceptible to disease and disease. When the soil is deficient in calcium, it is supplemented with calcium in the fluid. When the leaves are sprayed, An Rongle additives are added to promote the movement and absorption of calcium. Silicic acid is deposited in the cells of plants to form a silicic acid film on the inner side of the cell membrane. It has the function of strengthening cells and prevents the invasion and propagation of pathogens from the outside. Silicon is an essential nutrient for plants. The silicic acid absorbed by plants must be a water-soluble silicic acid solution dissolved in water, but very little silicon can be absorbed and utilized by plants in the soil. Developed by American scientists and promoted and applied for 12 years, the monosilicic acid "Ride" can be fully absorbed and utilized by plants. At the same time, it also degrades and fixes heavy metals in the soil and prevents heavy metals from being absorbed by crops.
The rot is a weak fungus, which is infested by spring in one year, lurking in summer, and is more severe in late autumn and early spring. Therefore, in apple production, in the early spring, while scraping the rot, the entire garden is sterilized to reduce the infection of diseased spores. In the growing season of the apple tree, the strong osmotic agent is selected to carry out the whole garden. The main trunk is applied, and after the late fall leaves, a whole garden leaf is sprayed on the rot-bearing orchard. The whole tree can be disinfected with 300-500 times foliar spraying of engine oil lime sulfur. It also has certain preventive effect against freezing and freezing damage in winter.
The prevention and prevention of apple rot disease is a year-round process. It is closely related to cultivation management and fertilizer use. It is a manifestation of an integrated technology. The absence of any one link may cause rot disease. The key is in apple production. Must pay attention to the integration of fertilizer, management and prevention.
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