Gejia, also known as Gengteng, is a leguminous genus Pueraria. Pueraria's starch content is as high as 40%, which is a kind of green health food with unique nutrition and excellent food and medicine. It contains 13 essential amino acids and trace elements such as iron, calcium, selenium, and tellurium. It also contains isoflavones such as daidzein and puerarin. It has functions such as clearing the heart and eyes, dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, and preventing cancer. Therefore, Gefen is hailed as “longevity powder†in the world, and the demand in the domestic and foreign markets is voluminous, with large capacity and high value. Pueraria is a treasure, the bark fibers can weave Ge Pu, can also be used as raw materials for paper. The leaves are excellent green feed. Ge residue can be used as a mushroom cultivation base. Gehua can be made of Gehua tea, which has the effect of anti-alcoholism, and it also has breast enhancement and cosmetic effects.
1 Biological characteristics
The roots of the trichosanthes are hypertrophic, and the vines can grow up to more than 10 m. The leaves are large, alternate, and the three leaflets are small, and the whole plant is densely brownish. Flowers axillary, racemes, buttercups, purple. The fruit is linear and flat. The flourica is warm and humid with strong cold and drought tolerance. The requirements for soil quality are not strict and can be cultivated except for clay and alkaline soil. In the natural conditions of Daejeon, Pueraria burgdorferi grows in mid-late March, vines grow vigorously from May to June, roots rapidly expand from August to September, flowering period from late July to early August, pods mature from late September to late In mid-October, the seedlings fell in early December. The growth period is about 250d.
2 Cultivation techniques
2.1 Site Preparation
Pueraria shall be planted in sandy loam where the soil is deep, loose and fertile, sunny, and well drained. Before the winter, deep-slope the soil 30cm, combined with cultivating 2000-3000kg per acre Shinongjiajiao, the second year the spring soil shallowly turn again, break up the clods, smash fine uniform, leveling, make a width of 1.2m or so, spare Ditch about 30cm.
2.2 Transplanting at the right time
The propagation method of Pueraria lobata is commonly used for cutting propagation, layering and seed propagation. Local use of pressure strip breeding, simple, high survival rate, can provide a large number of seedlings in the short term. The method is: From July to August, the rattan soil is loosened, and well-grown, disease-free pests and thick older vines are selected. From the leaf node, every 1-2 knots, it is wavy curved and pressed into the soil. Before the rooting, keep it moist and remove the weeds. After the roots are germinated in the second year after rooting, the roots should be cut off from their own roots, rooted and then transplanted. According to row spacing 1.5m, planting distance of 0.8 ~ 1m density, 400 ~ 500 mu planting. From February to March, sprouts are not germinated before, or after 3 to 6 cm are removed from the shoots, it is best to choose sunny days or sunny transplants after rain. When the lower soil is planted, the upper soil is covered and the roots are covered. After planting, the manure urine and water are lightened to promote root growth.
2.3 Field Management
2.3.1 Weeding and weeding. To eradicate weeds, we must adhere to the principle of “in addition to early, small, and net additionâ€. Weeding of weeds in early spring should be done once. Weeding should be done manually from May to June, and weeding should be done once in August and October.
2.3.2 Top dressing. The amount of fertilizer required for F. lucidum is not very large. It is usually applied about 3 times per year. In April, green manure is applied to treat man-faded manure. In addition, 4 to 5 kg of imported compound fertilizer can be properly applied to each mu; in July, imports are used per mu. Compound fertilizer 40 ~ 50kg do root swelling fertilizer; after falling leaves over winter fertilizer, mainly farmyard manure. In the growing season can also be combined with water to make a small amount of potash, there is the role of promoting the growth of Pueraria.
2.3.3 scaffolding. In order to reduce the occurrence of adventitious roots on Pueraria lobata, and to affect Puerariae enlargement, it is necessary to spread non-perishable bamboo strips or wolfcatchers between the urns. Conditions can be set up, between every two rows of every 2 ~ 3m a wooden post, the column is connected with wire, between the rake and the gong tied bamboo or iron wire to facilitate climbing, when the seedling height 30cm can lead Shelf. Minimizing the contact of the guelder vines with the ground will not only benefit Pueraria enlargement, but also improve the photosynthesis of Pueraria lobata.
2.3.4 Trim. The growth of vines should be controlled during the growing season. When the vines grow to 1.5m or more, they should be topped in a timely manner to prevent the vines from growing in length, so as to reduce nutrient consumption. It is also necessary to adjust the plant type in order to make full use of the sunlight. The left-hand row of vines is straightened to the right, and the right-hand row of vines is straightened to the left. Ratoons are trimmed three times each year in April, June and August. Each plantlet leaves only 3 to 4 main vines, and cuts off excess side vines. Kuteng and diseased branches should also be cut off promptly.
2.4 Pest Control
There are few pests and pests of Tetranychidae, and the new species of plots are generally less pest-free without medication. The main diseases include blight, anthrax, and downy mildew. When blight and anthracnose are present at the beginning, they can be treated with carbendazim 600 times solution or quick gram 600 to 800 times solution. In the presence of downy mildew and leaf blight, metalaxyl or phyllofenol can be used to control 600 to 800 times of the liquid. During the growing season, pests such as crickets and chafers harm the stems and leaves. You can use 80% of the dichlorvos 2000 times solution to kill, and the beetle uses 90% of the crystal trichlorfon 1000 times to spray the leaf surface in May-June.
3 Harvesting
Pueraria lucidum cultivation usually begins in 2 years. Usually after the beginning of winter to the Ching Ming before, that year from November to March the following year, mining 2 to 4 years of Pueraria is better. When harvesting, carefully dig out the soil from the base of the Kudzu plant at the cracking site to expose the head of the tuber root and pick a small grain. Because the toughness of the Katang stem vine is strong, do not forcibly break the root, and use a pair of scissors. The big roots are cut from the base of the stem to avoid damaging other retained roots and fibrous roots. At the same time, some overwintering basal fertilizer can be applied to lay foundation for next year's Gegen harvest, and then the earth can be covered. The Pueraria sinensis was exfoliated, and after cleansing and scraping the skin, the slurry was filtered, precipitated, and dried, the white and pure white arrowroot was obtained.
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