Cultivation Techniques of Short Lettuce Beans in Early Spring

Also known as string beans, sword beans, kidney beans, jade beans, etc., it is a legume plant native to tropical regions of Central and South America. Taking the tender pods as the edible part, it can not only be eaten fresh, but also processed into canned food, which is resistant to storage and transportation, rich in nutrients and fresh in flavor, and is very popular among people.

1. Variety selection. New Zealand No. 3, supplier, tender pod beans, Shuangqing 12, etc.

2. Nursery. The seedlings were raised in a nutrient bowl in early February. Before raising seedlings, prepare nutrient soil, that is, rotted organic fertilizer 50%, vegetable garden soil 50%, add ternary (15% each) compound fertilizer 4 kg per 500 kg manure, 50% carbendazim 150 g, mix evenly, Fill (8 cm x 8 cm) soil with a nutrient bowl, 6 cm high. Dispose the nutrient bowl into the nursery border, and irrigate the water with shade. Put 3-4 capsules in each bowl, cover the wet moisture nutrient soil, cover with plastic film, and keep the seedlings warm.

After sowing, the temperature during the day is 22-25 ℃, the night is 17-12 ℃, and the temperature after the emergence is 17-22 ℃, and the night is 12-7 ℃. In order to prevent the leggings from forming tall seedlings, the plastic film is removed immediately after emergence. After the emergence of true leaves, it is around 22 ° C during the day and 12-10 ° C at night. Leave 2-3 seedlings per pot, generally do not water in the seedling stage, drought occurs in the seedling stage, you can spray warm water on a sunny morning, and add 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and then warm up to drain moisture. It can be planted about 30 days old.

3. Planting

⑴Time: Seedling transplanting can be done at the end of February and the beginning of March. Seed sowing live broadcast is available in late February. ⑵Fertilization, land preparation and bordering: 5-7 days before planting, apply 4000 kg of rot organic fertilizer, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 30 kg of potash fertilizer, deep rake and flatten. According to 100 cm of pay-off, it is made into 15 cm high, 30 cm wide groove and 70 cm wide border. Cover with plastic film, buckle the shed to heat up, and cover the grass at night. ⑶ Planting: Choose cold tail planting in the morning. Cut the "ten" shape mouth of the mulch film, and dig the planting holes according to the small row spacing of 40 cm, the large row spacing of 60 cm, and the hole spacing of 25 cm. Pour enough water into the hole, add 50 ml of 400% wettable powder of 50% copper succinate fertilizer (DT) to each hole, and then put the seedling pot, the seedling pot is flat with the border surface, the soil is sealed, and the plastic film is tightened . Seed sowing for direct seeding, cover with plastic film after sowing, break the film after arching the soil and release the seedling, and seal the hole tightly to prevent the hot gas from burning the seedling.

4. Daily management

(1) Field management: closing the greenhouse after planting to raise the temperature, 24-27 ° C during the day, 15 ° C at night; 4-5 days after the seedlings, 15-18 ° C during the day, 15-13 ° C at night; 20-day temperature during the flowering and podding period 27 ℃, 18-15 ℃ at night. ⑵ Fertilizer and water management: After slowing the seedlings, you can pour the slowing seedling water once. At this time, the vines have begun to spread, and you can chase 10 kg of urea with the water. Afterwards, the pods will sit without watering and top dressing, and the fertilizer and water management will be carried out based on the principle of "watering pods without watering, dry flowers and wet pods". When the tender pods are seated, most of them grow to 5 cm long, combined with pouring water, 10 kg of urea per mu, and 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After each harvest 2 times, topdressing ternary compound fertilizer, 30 kg per mu. (3) Falling flowers and pods and prevention: There are many flower buds in kidney beans, but the falling flowers and pods are serious, about 2/3 of the total flower buds, reducing falling flowers and pods is an important measure to increase production. To prevent falling flowers and pods, first adjust the greenhouse temperature, the temperature of flower bud differentiation at seedling stage is 20-25 ℃, the temperature of flowering pods is 18-25 ℃, * the temperature is not less than 13 ℃ in the short term. Apply sufficient organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and spray micro-fertilizers containing molybdenum, manganese, and boron to maintain soil moisture and proper air humidity during the pod formation period. Reasonable dense planting and timely harvesting. Spray 10-20 mg / kg α-naphthylacetic acid and 0.08% boric acid during the flowering period.

5. Disease prevention and control. ⑴ Kidney bean rot: control the temperature and humidity. At the time of onset, spray 77% to kill 500 times of the wettable powder, or 70% of the manganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times to prevent and cure. ⑵ Bean rust: use resistant varieties. Clean the garden and strengthen cultivation management. Spray 15% triadimefon WP 2000 times solution, or 50% powder rustin 800 times solution at the beginning of the disease. (3) Kidney bean bacterial epidemic: Rotate crops, pick seeds from disease-free plots and plants, soak seeds in warm soup, and strengthen cultivation management. In the initial stage of onset, spray 14% copper hydramate solution 300 times, or 77% wettable powder 500 times solution, or 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000 times solution for 7-10 days, 2-3 consecutive times.

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