Release date: 2014-11-06
The biological sample bank is also called “biological bank†because it is not only the basis of various basic scientific researches and clinical experiments, but also the material basis for rapidly industrializing scientific research results and putting them into clinical application to carry out translational medicine. However, the standard for biological sample banks has not yet been established.
"Some people say that China's biological big data era has arrived. I think it is still too early. If the construction of biological sample banks is not standardized, the clinical trial results made by different standards are very different, and it is impossible to form biological big data, and it is impossible. Towards data sharing.†Yan Hengjun, director of the Shanghai Molecular Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center and deputy director of the National Engineering Research Center of Biochip Shanghai, said in the finale of the 3rd Beijing International Conference on Standardization of Major Disease Clinical Resources.
Yan Hengjun even joked: "On the standardization of biological sample banks, voa reported that bbc has also been involved, but cctv has not been reported." In short, the standardization of biological sample libraries still has a lot of room for development in China. .
No more than quantity, better than quality and features
The biological sample library mainly refers to samples of biological macromolecules, cells, tissues and organs that are standardized for collecting, processing, preserving and applying health and disease organisms, including tissues, whole blood and blood components, nucleic acids, urine, saliva, hair, fingers. (toe) nails, breast milk, stool, cell lines, bone marrow, various fluids, and clinical, pathological, therapeutic, follow-up, informed consent, and other quality control, information management and application systems associated with these samples.
The biological sample bank is also called “biological bank†because it is not only the basis of various basic scientific researches and clinical experiments, but also the material basis for rapidly industrializing scientific research results and putting them into clinical application to carry out translational medicine.
The biological sample library has therefore received worldwide attention. The British Biobank was established in 1999 to collect more than 500,000 samples in six centres across the UK. The United States also established a national-level tumor tissue bank in 1987. Standardized specimen collection, storage, and management by six large teaching hospitals have 700,000 specimens. In 1994, China established the Chinese nation's immortal cell bank.
When scientific research enters the functional genomics era, research goes deeper into the levels of DNA, RNA, and protein, and scientific research requires higher quality of biological samples.
However, in the view of Yan Hengjun, many domestic biological sample banks have gone in the wrong direction: they have struggled hard, compared the number of biological sample banks and the number of biological samples in the library, but neglected the quality construction and standard promotion of biological sample banks.
According to the 2009-2011 China Medical Biotechnology Association Biological Sample Library, the bio-sample database of 69 hospitals nationwide was investigated, and the drawbacks of repeated construction and quantity competition of biological sample libraries were exposed.
After investigation, the biological samples used for functional genomics research are in many problems, such as single storage, only paraffin or liquid nitrogen; unpaired collection; incomplete collection, only tissue collection, lack of blood (whole blood, serum, plasma) ) or lack of important body fluids; clinical information is not standardized, incomplete: very lack of therapeutic observation and follow-up data after standard treatment.
Yan Hengjun admits that the main body of the sample collection - the hospital also has various problems: lack of sample collection and management standardization process, effective sample quality control system, standardized sample transportation process management; lack of sample security facilities, sample information management system Lack of a well-trained professional team, between hospitals, departments, experts, basic, clinical, and industrial, closed, divided...
All in all, the biological sample library lacks uniform standards and standardized training, lacks strict quality control, unified evaluation mechanism and effective sharing application mechanism.
"The current situation is that there are very few 'excellent libraries', and there are quite a few 'garbage bins' that are not required for pathological examination. There are good samples, but there are many 'dead banks' with very low usage rates." Distressed.
Yan Hengjun believes that the biological sample library is not the quantity, but the quality and characteristics.
The so-called quality, first, the sample of the biological sample library should conform to the norm, and second, the resources of the biological sample library should be "use the best use" to improve the utilization rate. The characteristic is that the biological sample bank of each region should be established according to the sample characteristics of the region, rather than being greedy.
Information quality is equally important
For Wang Weiye, director of the clinical information department of the biological sample bank of Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, the biological sample library should not only pay attention to the above “physical quality†but also “information qualityâ€. This is also why it analyzes the biological sample bank from another angle. The reason why it is difficult to share.
Wang Jian, chairman of Huada Gene, said at the conference that whether the future is the exploration of cancer susceptibility genes or the genetic exploration of common diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, it is not a platform for gene sequencing, but a large-scale The sample "decisive battle." "The sample is good or not is the key." Wang Jian said.
Wang Weiye believes that the quality of information in biological samples determines whether the sample is “good or notâ€.
Wang Weiye said that for research, choosing a biological sample library is like selecting a team member, and must understand the "members". The information in the biological sample library can only determine whether the sample resource is suitable for this study if it can describe the characteristics of the sample.
There are two major trends in the use of biological samples: one is to obtain certain information that already exists after the sample is collected, and then to obtain more and more detailed information based on the information; the second is to prove the conclusion of clinical observation through the sample information.
“One type of basic research is to propose hypotheses, redesign problems, and experimentally prove hypotheses; and in this type of research based on discovery, the information of biological samples can be directly managed by experiments, so the biological sample pool has a greater impact on them. "Wang Weiye said.
Do we have enough information to express the characteristics of the biological samples we have?
Wang Weiye regrettably said that according to his accumulated experience, it is found that the biological sample lacks sufficient information, so there is no sufficient understanding of the biological sample, so it is difficult to conduct collaborative research with different teams.
Lack of sufficient information, one due to the lack of information standards, can not share complementary. “Everyone speaks different languages ​​and needs to have translations to help communicate. The same is true for biological information. If biological samples are processed through different standards, the results will be different.†Wang Weiye said that the integration of biological information processing methods Very important, it is like "speaking the same language to communicate and share."
The second is because the development of refined science puts higher demands on the information of biological samples. "For example, it cannot be simply judged as 'a sample of a tumor or a sample of a diabetes type.' Because the sample is also a type of diabetes, some sample providers may be affected by lifestyle or family history, and some may not. This should be reflected and distinguished in the sample. The sample of 'rough judgment' is of little significance for scientific research." Wang Weiye said.
Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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