Pleurotus eryngii (DC.ex Fr) Quel, belongs to the genus Fungi, subfructs of eukaryotic fungi, phylum, basidiomycotina, basidiomycetes, trifoliidae, agaricales, pleuronoides, Pleurotus genus . It is also known as the earrings of the eryngium, which is named after Umbelli ferae's dead plants (roots). This mushroom has the fragrance of almonds. In China, Fujian and Taiwan call it the almond abalone mushroom, or simply referred to as the abalone mushroom.
Pleurotus eryngii is a large-scale meat agaricus, with thick meat, crisp texture, delicate taste, delicious taste, and a fragrant almond flavor, and more valuable is its rich fungal oligosaccharides, clean up the stomach, beauty And the effect of lowering blood pressure and lowering blood lipids has a good therapeutic effect.
Wild Pleurotus eryngii is mainly distributed in the mountains, grasslands and deserts of many countries in southern Europe, northern Africa and Central Asia. In China's Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other regions also have distribution. The freshness of fresh products under natural conditions is long (usually about 5 °C can be stored for 1 week. About 3 °C can be preserved for about 12 days). Suitable for a variety of methods of processing and cooking, both with vegetables, meat, eggs, fish in one cooking, but also fried alone (fried to the epidermis yellow crisp better), dumplings for dumplings taste better. So it is a kind of high-grade edible fungus that is very popular among consumers. The brief introduction of its bagging method is as follows.
First, the cultivation site Any place that can cultivate Pleurotus, mushrooms, can be used to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii. The general requirements for site requirements are to be able to keep warm, moisturize, protect from light, be well ventilated, and be close to the water source. Such as plastic sheds, waste workshops, caves and so on.
Second, the cultivation season Pleurotus eryngii mushroom most suitable temperature is 10 ~ 22 °C, from the bag inoculation to mushrooming takes about 40 to 60 days, cultivation can be arranged according to the specific local temperature season. It is suitable for cultivation in late spring and early spring.
Third, the cultivation methods and varieties are currently bottle, bag planting (discrete and three-dimensional 2) and box-type cultivation. But all must be clinker. The better varieties are Pleurotus eryngii No.1 and No.2 and Beijing Pleurotus eryngii. The biological efficiency can reach 50%~160%.
Fourth, cultivation of raw materials
1. The main raw materials of cotton shells, corn cobs, chopped bean straw, bagasse, sawdust, chopped straw, wheat straw, etc. (one of which can be used) can be used as the main raw materials for cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii.
2. Auxiliary materials Fine rice bran, bran, corn flour, gypsum powder, white ash, sugar and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are all good auxiliary materials for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii.
Fifth, strain production
1. The parental species uses PDA medium or PDA to add 3 g of peptone, preferably using a rich synthetic medium, and mycelial growth is robust. After inoculation, the mother plants are cultured at 22-26°C for 10-13 days.
2. The original cultivar can be used broadleaf sawdust or crushed corn cob plus bran culture medium. If some cotton hulls are added on this basis, the mycelial growth rate can be accelerated. The original cultivar can also be used as a medium for wheat or corn kernels. Generally, the original species of cultivar is inoculated and cultured in a dark and well-ventilated condition at 22-26[deg.] C., and the bottle (bag) may be grown over 25 to 35 days.
3. Cultivation (1) Raw Materials and Formulations There are many substrates suitable for the growth and development of Pleurotus eryngii (only one case: for reference). 35% of wood dust, 40% of cotton seed hull or corncob, 18% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 1% of sugar, 1% of calcium carbonate, 1% of gypsum powder, 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% of magnesium sulfate, Urea 0.2%.
(2) When the materials are mixed and bagged and mixed, they can be handled according to the formula proportion according to the conventional method, and the bags are mixed evenly after being stirred. Can be used (17 ~ 22) cm (35 ~ 45) cm specifications of polypropylene or high-density polyethylene plastic bag material, bag 1 ~ 3cm diameter hole to grow and develop mycelia, tied bag mouth.
(3) Sterilization Inoculation of the fungus bags should be promptly sterilized at a pressure of 1.5kg per cm2 for 2 hours or an atmospheric pressure cooker for 10-12 hours, and then inoculated in the inoculation box or sterile room after cooling. After inoculation, it is placed under light culture at 18-25°C, and it usually takes about 25-35 days to cover the bag.
(4) Management of Pleurotus eryngii fruit body growth and development stage management is the key to achieve high yield, stable production, and high quality. After the mycelium is full of bags, it can be transferred into the management of the fruiting period. Open the mouth of the bag and roll the plastic bag close to the culture medium and spray it with moisturizing water to reduce the temperature and increase the light. At this time, the relative humidity is generally required to be about 80% to 95%. After about 15 days, the primordium can be seen. After the primordial differentiation into mushroom buds, under the conditions of 8 ~ 20 °C, relative humidity of 85% ~ 95%, mushroom buds will continue to grow, the formation of a normal fruiting body. In general, the management of fruiting period should consider factors such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, nutrition, and bag opening time, and constantly summarize experience in order to cultivate high quality, high yield, long fruiting period, and commercial quality. Good mushrooms.
(5) Prevention and control of pests and diseases During the vegetative growth stage, common fungal diseases include contamination with green mold, yellow mold, black mold, and mucor. As a result of the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, the normal mycelium growth was poor. The main causes are the high bacterial content of raw materials, incomplete disinfection and sterilization, inappropriate pH value, extensive inoculation, poor ventilation in culture environment, and high levels of bacteria. The prevention and control methods include the selection of raw materials that are free from impurities, impurities, and evenness. The pH value is appropriate. The disinfection and sterilization should be thorough. The inoculation should be careful, and the culture environment should have appropriate temperature and humidity, and be well ventilated.
During the reproductive growth stage, common bacterial disease symptoms include dead mushrooms, rotten mushrooms, and long yellow spots on mushrooms. Causes are caused by the presence of strains, which are brought in by tools and water sources during the operation. The daily management operations cause human proliferation and spread. Control methods: Select bacterial species without bacterial contamination, inoculation tools and daily management tools to be completely disinfected, and humidify the water in the mushroom house not to store for too long.
In addition, pests may occur during the entire cultivation process, and the main species are mosquitoes and drosophila. Cause: bacterial species brought in and the outside world. Control methods: Use worm-free, healthy and normal growth bacteria, reduce unnecessary personnel entry, mushroom room ventilation holes plus screens.
(6) Harvesting and processing When the mushroom cover opens nearly flat, the color becomes lighter, the edges are slightly inward, and the spores should be harvested when they are not ejected. The mushrooms harvested in advance are of good flavor and have a long shelf life. After the first tidal mushroom is harvested, it is necessary to clean the material surface in time and remove the contaminating bacteria bags at the same time. The temperature, humidity, ventilation, and light of the mushroom house are adjusted, and the second tidal mushroom can be grown after 10 to 15 days. After Pleurotus eryngii is harvested, it can be sold immediately at 2～4°C and can also be sold after being refrigerated, dried, dried, or processed into salt products and cans.
Pleurotus eryngii is a large-scale meat agaricus, with thick meat, crisp texture, delicate taste, delicious taste, and a fragrant almond flavor, and more valuable is its rich fungal oligosaccharides, clean up the stomach, beauty And the effect of lowering blood pressure and lowering blood lipids has a good therapeutic effect.
Wild Pleurotus eryngii is mainly distributed in the mountains, grasslands and deserts of many countries in southern Europe, northern Africa and Central Asia. In China's Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and other regions also have distribution. The freshness of fresh products under natural conditions is long (usually about 5 °C can be stored for 1 week. About 3 °C can be preserved for about 12 days). Suitable for a variety of methods of processing and cooking, both with vegetables, meat, eggs, fish in one cooking, but also fried alone (fried to the epidermis yellow crisp better), dumplings for dumplings taste better. So it is a kind of high-grade edible fungus that is very popular among consumers. The brief introduction of its bagging method is as follows.
First, the cultivation site Any place that can cultivate Pleurotus, mushrooms, can be used to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii. The general requirements for site requirements are to be able to keep warm, moisturize, protect from light, be well ventilated, and be close to the water source. Such as plastic sheds, waste workshops, caves and so on.
Second, the cultivation season Pleurotus eryngii mushroom most suitable temperature is 10 ~ 22 °C, from the bag inoculation to mushrooming takes about 40 to 60 days, cultivation can be arranged according to the specific local temperature season. It is suitable for cultivation in late spring and early spring.
Third, the cultivation methods and varieties are currently bottle, bag planting (discrete and three-dimensional 2) and box-type cultivation. But all must be clinker. The better varieties are Pleurotus eryngii No.1 and No.2 and Beijing Pleurotus eryngii. The biological efficiency can reach 50%~160%.
Fourth, cultivation of raw materials
1. The main raw materials of cotton shells, corn cobs, chopped bean straw, bagasse, sawdust, chopped straw, wheat straw, etc. (one of which can be used) can be used as the main raw materials for cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii.
2. Auxiliary materials Fine rice bran, bran, corn flour, gypsum powder, white ash, sugar and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are all good auxiliary materials for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii.
Fifth, strain production
1. The parental species uses PDA medium or PDA to add 3 g of peptone, preferably using a rich synthetic medium, and mycelial growth is robust. After inoculation, the mother plants are cultured at 22-26°C for 10-13 days.
2. The original cultivar can be used broadleaf sawdust or crushed corn cob plus bran culture medium. If some cotton hulls are added on this basis, the mycelial growth rate can be accelerated. The original cultivar can also be used as a medium for wheat or corn kernels. Generally, the original species of cultivar is inoculated and cultured in a dark and well-ventilated condition at 22-26[deg.] C., and the bottle (bag) may be grown over 25 to 35 days.
3. Cultivation (1) Raw Materials and Formulations There are many substrates suitable for the growth and development of Pleurotus eryngii (only one case: for reference). 35% of wood dust, 40% of cotton seed hull or corncob, 18% of bran, 3% of corn flour, 1% of sugar, 1% of calcium carbonate, 1% of gypsum powder, 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% of magnesium sulfate, Urea 0.2%.
(2) When the materials are mixed and bagged and mixed, they can be handled according to the formula proportion according to the conventional method, and the bags are mixed evenly after being stirred. Can be used (17 ~ 22) cm (35 ~ 45) cm specifications of polypropylene or high-density polyethylene plastic bag material, bag 1 ~ 3cm diameter hole to grow and develop mycelia, tied bag mouth.
(3) Sterilization Inoculation of the fungus bags should be promptly sterilized at a pressure of 1.5kg per cm2 for 2 hours or an atmospheric pressure cooker for 10-12 hours, and then inoculated in the inoculation box or sterile room after cooling. After inoculation, it is placed under light culture at 18-25°C, and it usually takes about 25-35 days to cover the bag.
(4) Management of Pleurotus eryngii fruit body growth and development stage management is the key to achieve high yield, stable production, and high quality. After the mycelium is full of bags, it can be transferred into the management of the fruiting period. Open the mouth of the bag and roll the plastic bag close to the culture medium and spray it with moisturizing water to reduce the temperature and increase the light. At this time, the relative humidity is generally required to be about 80% to 95%. After about 15 days, the primordium can be seen. After the primordial differentiation into mushroom buds, under the conditions of 8 ~ 20 °C, relative humidity of 85% ~ 95%, mushroom buds will continue to grow, the formation of a normal fruiting body. In general, the management of fruiting period should consider factors such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, nutrition, and bag opening time, and constantly summarize experience in order to cultivate high quality, high yield, long fruiting period, and commercial quality. Good mushrooms.
(5) Prevention and control of pests and diseases During the vegetative growth stage, common fungal diseases include contamination with green mold, yellow mold, black mold, and mucor. As a result of the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, the normal mycelium growth was poor. The main causes are the high bacterial content of raw materials, incomplete disinfection and sterilization, inappropriate pH value, extensive inoculation, poor ventilation in culture environment, and high levels of bacteria. The prevention and control methods include the selection of raw materials that are free from impurities, impurities, and evenness. The pH value is appropriate. The disinfection and sterilization should be thorough. The inoculation should be careful, and the culture environment should have appropriate temperature and humidity, and be well ventilated.
During the reproductive growth stage, common bacterial disease symptoms include dead mushrooms, rotten mushrooms, and long yellow spots on mushrooms. Causes are caused by the presence of strains, which are brought in by tools and water sources during the operation. The daily management operations cause human proliferation and spread. Control methods: Select bacterial species without bacterial contamination, inoculation tools and daily management tools to be completely disinfected, and humidify the water in the mushroom house not to store for too long.
In addition, pests may occur during the entire cultivation process, and the main species are mosquitoes and drosophila. Cause: bacterial species brought in and the outside world. Control methods: Use worm-free, healthy and normal growth bacteria, reduce unnecessary personnel entry, mushroom room ventilation holes plus screens.
(6) Harvesting and processing When the mushroom cover opens nearly flat, the color becomes lighter, the edges are slightly inward, and the spores should be harvested when they are not ejected. The mushrooms harvested in advance are of good flavor and have a long shelf life. After the first tidal mushroom is harvested, it is necessary to clean the material surface in time and remove the contaminating bacteria bags at the same time. The temperature, humidity, ventilation, and light of the mushroom house are adjusted, and the second tidal mushroom can be grown after 10 to 15 days. After Pleurotus eryngii is harvested, it can be sold immediately at 2～4°C and can also be sold after being refrigerated, dried, dried, or processed into salt products and cans.
Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene products can be used as herbicides in the manufacture controlling wheat fields, cotton fields and other broadleaf weeds and perennial weeds. It can also be used in the manufacture of antipsychotics drugs.
The Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene products must be kept under seal, once exposed to light will immediately cause discoloration. It should also be stored in a cool, ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat. Compartment temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. And make the appropriate technical measures for fire and explosion. Products will Decomposition by high fever and emit toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluorid. Due to ts vapor is heavier than air, it can spread from low place to far away places. In case of fire conditions, should not fire with water. In case of a small amount of leakage should be evenly sprayed with dilute hydrochloric acid. In case of large spills should build a causeway or trenching asylum. The transfer pump to tankers or exclusive collector, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites.
Fluorine-Containing Methylbenzene
Containing Methylbenzene, 5-Fluoro-3-Nitrotoluene,2-Bromo-5-Fluorobenzotrifluoride
Taizhou Volsen Chemical Co., Ltd. , http://www.volsenchem.com