It is not uncommon for mature pears to be managed extensively or allowed to grow in actual production. This type of pear orchard is often poorly managed and of poor quality and has little revenue. The more profitable it is, the more unregulated it is, and it is so vicious that it is left unchecked and abandoned. The main problems of this type of pear orchard are excessive trees, overcrowded crowns, canopy closure, and bald medlars. The transformation of such pear orchards generally has the following four principles.
1. The height becomes shorter. For the tree height, the apical dominance and dryness of the pear tree are very strong, naturally letting the tree height reach 5 to 6 meters or even 6 to 7 meters, which seriously affects the air and light transmission inside the crown. Therefore, the primary task is to "fallen" happy (commonly known as "open skylight"), in the control of the tree height, easy to work at the same time, increase the tree light, promote the growth of the lower branch and the small branch of the result. If the tree is too high, "falling head" can be completed in two.
2. More and less. For the main branch, the lazy tree is neglected due to the self-shaping period, and the number of main branches is often too much, which can reach more than 10, resulting in staggered overlap of branches in the crown. You need to select 5 to 6 main branches with more branches and better placement and keep them. The remaining large branches, who have space for use, can retreat year by year to cultivate large branches and compete with reserved main branches. It should be removed early.
3. The width becomes narrower. For the canopy, the growth of the pear garden, the crown is larger, the branches, especially the peripheral branches of more branches and more prosperous, resulting in canopy closure, natural twigs within the larvae, the resulting part of the serious shift Such phenomenon, the main branch should be appropriate retraction, extending the head with weak branches, flat branches take the lead, thereby compressing the main branches grow, control the increase of the diameter of the crown, and the outer dense branches, especially the Zhuang branches sparsely in order to achieve "control outside support "Inside", the purpose of improving the illumination of the Nei. At the same time, attention should be paid to the use of intrinsic branches or leggy shoots. The methods of ring carving and branching can be used to slow down the growth and promote flower buds. After the results are retracted, they can be cultivated into small and medium-sized sticks to compensate for the baldness of the internal hernia. The tree is plump.
4. Thickness becomes thinner. In the case of leaf curtains, trees that are allowed to grow or be extensively managed are unfavorable for the control of large and medium-sized branch groups on the backs of the main and side branches. At the same time, the branch groups are elongated year after year, the upward growth is stronger, the weak growth is sagging, and the uniaxial extension is redundant. Fine, overlapping, increasing the thickness of the leaf curtain, affecting the light, unfavorable improvement of fruit quality. For this kind of tree, the back upper branch must first be removed or retracted; the second is the retracted small and medium-sized branch, which is to be led by the strong branch; the pendent branch should be retracted to the strong bud to make it shorter. Rejuvenate.
In addition, in the renovation of poor quality pear orchard, do not deliberately pursue the tree shape, but to trim the tree. As long as there is room for development on large branches, good ventilation and light transmission must be preserved. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the summer shear measures to prevent the growth of new shoots due to rejuvenation of the tree and affect the fruit quality and flower bud differentiation, and the need to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and pest control work.
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