During the entire period of growth and development from nursery cultivation to harvesting, the grower must carry out a series of technical management measures in the field, collectively referred to as field management. Field management is based on the effective production cycle of non-pollution plants and is divided into young (1 to 4 years) and adult (5+ years). The first field management is soil management. The project includes soil cultivation, soil fertilization and irrigation, soil management how to do a good job, management methods are not static, it is important to be based on the biological characteristics of earthworms, with the local climate conditions under the plant growth The premise of vegetative growth and reproductive growth during the period is closely related to the goal of high quality and high yield.
I. Soil cultivation
The soil is the carrier of the alfalfa plant, and the soil's effective soil layer (cultivation layer) is the main source of nutrients for the growth and development of alfalfa. The soil tillage without error in the growing season of the following year can promote loose soil and air permeability in the living soil layer, improve soil structure, promote soil microbial reproduction, increase soil fertility, and create a good soil environment for the normal growth and development of alfalfa. The key to affecting the root development of the alfalfa in soil management is the requirement for oxygen content in the soil, because the root system must perform respiration when it grows and maintains life activities. The root system absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, which generates the energy needed for life-sustaining activities. The released carbon dioxide is the raw material for exchanging with the soil particles when absorbing fertilizer. Therefore, the management of the soil in the garden must be done in the following three ways: First, looseness. The combination of soil and soil moisture warming; the second is to improve the combination of ventilation conditions and weeding; the third is to combine deep soil with improved soil structure. In order to take into consideration three points in soil management, according to the growth and development habits of earthworms, there are the following several items of soil cultivation in Yiyuan Garden in one year:
1, spring clear garden, shallow plough
Combine the pruning and pruning, especially the pruning in the spring, and timely clear and destroy the litter. Because many species of pupae and insect pests will leave the tree to winter in the park to litter or weeds in winter, such as plutonium, rust and some plutonium. Hibiscus adults etc.
Shallow ploughing refers to the rotation of agricultural machinery or artificial shallow turning on the top soil layer (10~15 cm) in the garden. The shallow ploughing time was thaw in the spring soil and was carried out in late March before the plants sprouted. Shallow ploughing of soil in early spring can play a role in loosening the soil, increasing the temperature of the ground, storing water and protecting the weeds, clearing the weeds, and killing the insect pests in the ground. Because the pests mostly live in the soil with maggots and aphids, they are ploughed to the surface of the soil and can be killed by the sun and night.
2, weeding weeding
During the vegetative and reproductive growth seasons of pod plants, cultivating the garden soil and removing weeds keeps the soil loose. Intertillage time is from May to July. The cultivator time is in the spring branch growth period and the old eye branch branch flowering time. Although the main purpose is to eliminate weeding through a certain depth of the sun, but at the same time improve the ventilation conditions, reduce the evaporation of water, coordinate the root water, fertilizer, gas, heat relationship, promote The nutrients are slowly absorbed to ensure that the spring branches grow strong and the old eye branches bloom more than the purpose of flowering. From May to July each year, cultivating and weeding are generally performed three times. The first cultivator is in early May and the cultivating depth is about 19 centimeters. When clear weeds are removed, the root seedlings under the canopy and the roots of the trunk are sprouted. Actually long branch. The cultivator must be uniform and not plunged till it can loosen the soil and eliminate the soil compaction caused by irrigation. The second cultivator was in early June. At this time, wolfberry was about to enter the fruit ripening period, timely cultivating and weeding, keeping the surface of the garden clean, and facilitating the picking of fruits that landed during fruit harvesting. The third cultivator is in the middle or late July. It is mainly used to remove weeds in order to facilitate fruit picking. At the same time, it can enhance the effect of spraying pesticides to control pests and diseases. Every cultivator should thoroughly plow till after cultivating, and the ridge should not be left under the canopy under the canopy, so as to avoid the red maggots being used as maggots and larvae.
3, turn the garden
After nearly half a year of production management and man-made trampling during fruit harvesting, Gengyuan Garden has caused the living soil to become rigid. It is necessary to go through deeper gardening to loosen the soil and remove weeds. Deep plowing of the soil layer and cutting off the horizontal lateral roots in the outer layer of the crown can play a role in pruning the root system, which is conducive to sprouting more new roots from the broken roots and increasing the number of absorbed hair roots in the spring of the following year. After soil observation, a root cut of 25-30 cm in the soil outside the canopy, 3-6 new hair roots can be born in mid-April of the following year. The more hair roots that absorb nutrients, the greater the area for nutrient absorption, which is conducive to promoting plant growth. Grow. In addition, by deep-dip the soil, it can effectively increase the amount of water stored in winter. The winter and spring droughts in the northwestern region are as long as six months. Water storage in winter can ensure the safe wintering of plants. According to the survey, the amount of water per 667 square meters of irrigation in autumn gardens can reach 75 cubic meters, while the amount of water entering every 667 square meters of garden irrigation is only 60 cubic meters. In the northwestern area, the time for the gardening is from late September to early October. The depth of sun exposure is about 20 cm. A mechanical deep plow can be used between the branches. Under the canopy, it can be properly turned and the root neck should not be damaged.
Second, the application of fertilizer technology
The growth period of the leap year is long. From mid-March to early November, it undergoes important processes such as flower bud differentiation, growth of branches and leaves, flowering results, and root growth. Each process consumes a large amount of nutrients, and some physiological processes overlap. Therefore, there are many nutrients needed, and it takes a long time to grow fertilizer, and there is no obvious stage. If the supply of nutrients is insufficient, the growth of shoots will be short and weak, and the flower bud differentiation will be affected. The number of flowers per bud will be less and the fruit will naturally be less. . In particular, the lack of fertilizer at a certain stage is prone to a large number of fallen flowers. Insufficient supply of nutrients will not only affect the output of the current year, but also directly affect the accumulation of tree nutrients and the results of the second year of growth. Fertilization is to continuously increase the nutrients in the soil, to create a good growth environment for the earthworms, to promote the vigorous growth of the tree, to enhance the ability to resist pests and diseases, so that the earthworms grow well, spend more, more fruit, high yield and excellent quality. Common fertilization methods include base fertilizer and top dressing.
1, base fertilizer application technology
Basal fertilizer is dominated by organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. Organic manure mainly includes sheep manure, cattle and horse manure, oil residue, bean cake and human urine excrement. Organic fertilizer can not only improve the soil, improve fertility, but also have a long duration of action.
The application method of basal fertilization mainly includes three types: annular groove application, semi-annular groove application and strip-shaped groove application.
Ring groove application: Under the edge of the canopy, drill a circular fertilization ditch 30 cm deep and 40 cm wide.
Semi-circular groove application: Under the edge of the canopy, dig 1/2 to 2/3 arc-shaped arc-shaped fertilization furrows with a furrow depth of 30 cm and a width of 40 cm. The position of the perennial furrows is opposite to the original furrow.
Strip sulcus application: dig a fertilization ditch on both sides of the canopy edge. The depth and width of the ditch are the same as above, and the position of the ditch in the next year is changed to the other two sides.
Basic fertilizer is good for autumn, and old production areas have the habit of applying basal fertilizer in October. The benefits of autumn basal fertilization are as follows: 1 At this time, the fallen leaves of the banyan tree have fallen into the dormant phase and gradually enter dormancy. The excavated root system has little effect on the tree body; 2 the organic fertilizer applied in the fall is earlier than the spring rot, and the favorable root system is absorbed as soon as possible; 3 If a part of fast-acting fertilizer can be applied, it can be absorbed in the same year to facilitate the accumulation of nutrients in the tree body, increase the nutrient level in the tree body, enhance the ability to resist cold, and be beneficial to the growth results in the following year. If the fall fertilizer is too late, it should be applied early in the spring of the following year, and at the same time with a portion of fast-acting fertilizer, in order to play a role as soon as possible.
2, top dressing application technology
Top dressing is to increase the quick-acting fertilizer during the growth of alfalfa to compensate for the deficiency of base fertilizer. It mainly consists of quick-acting fertilizers, supplemented by decomposed human waste. For chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizers include urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium bicarbonate; phosphate fertilizers include superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. Potash fertilizers include potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. There are also multiple compound fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are a good type of fertilizer. The researchers of Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Zhong Yuanyuan, a breeder of Ningjing No.1 and No.2 and a big fruit pupa, have found through years of experiments that applying potassium fertilizer on the basis of N and P fertilizers can promote the absorption of soil nutrients by eucalyptus, which is beneficial to the tree body. Growth and development.
Eucalyptus need different fertilizer elements in different growth stages. From sprouting to flowering, it mainly needs to meet the needs of the growth of branches and leaves; in the period of flower bud differentiation, the growth of branches and leaves, and the growth and development of fruits, it should be matched with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Better application.
During the top-dressing period, it should be based on the results of tree growth. From late April to early May, it is the growth of new branches and leaves and the bud formation of old eye branches. It is necessary to recover the first fertilizer, mainly using nitrogen fertilizer with appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer; from the beginning of June to the end of July, a large number of new shoot growth, bud formation and The peak of flowering results is also the period when a large number of fruit grows and grows most vigorously. It needs sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. If the fertilizer is insufficient, it will affect the growth and aggravate flowering and fruit drop. According to the fertilization tracer tests by Chen Guisong and Xiong Zhixun, from June to August, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of annual branches showed a “V†shape, which proved that the trees were the least fertilized in July and should therefore be 6 The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers were chased once at the beginning of each month and at the beginning of July. If the new branches grow more in early August, and there are many buds, in order to promote the growth of autumn fruit, this time should also be followed by a nitrogen and potassium fertilizer.
Combined with field fertilization, foliar spray of superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc and boron can effectively increase the fruit setting rate.
3, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application technology
Organic manure contains various nutrient elements, is economically available, and has a wide range of sources. However, nutrient content is not high, fertilizer efficiency is prolonged, and the amount of application is large. Therefore, in formula fertilization, organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers should be applied in a coordinated manner to complement each other. The role of promotion. In general, chemical nitrogen fertilizers can promote the mineralization of organic nitrogen and increase the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers can promote the biological fixation of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and reduce the nitrification and denitrification of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, thereby reducing the loss of inorganic nitrogen. In addition to the organic fertilizers that can provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, the organic acids produced by decomposition of organic fertilizers can dissolve the phosphorus in the soil and reduce the fixation of phosphate fertilizers and trace elements in the soil, thus increasing the soil. The effectiveness of phosphorus and trace elements. Addition of organic fertilizers to the soil provides enough energy substances and nutrients for various soil microorganisms, thereby promoting the reproduction of microorganisms and activating their activities, thereby increasing the supply of chemical fertilizers and the absorption rate of roots.
In organic fertilizer and fertilizer application technology, organic fertilizer is generally based on the main supplement, topdressing, while the fertilizer is mainly followed by topdressing, supplemented by basic facilities. From the perspective of convenient sources and good economic results, it is advisable to use organic manure in pig gardens for pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, various cake fats and manure. However, when these fertilizers are used as top dressings, they must be cooked before they can be used. Adding a certain amount of chemical fertilizers is the best way for the root system to absorb and function as quickly as possible.
4, fertilizer type selection and amount of fertilizer
The nutrients needed for plant growth and development are derived from the photosynthesis of the leaves (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere and water) and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil absorbed by the root system and trace elements such as calcium, iron, boron and zinc. . These nutrients absorbed by the root system rely mainly on soil fertilization. After selecting suitable inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers, the following principles should be followed when fertilizing: the combination of organic fertilizers (delayed) and inorganic fertilizers (quick effect); nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (macroelements) and zinc, boron, iron The combination of other (tracer elements); autumn deep basal fertilizer combined with soil fertilization in spring and summer and extra-root topdressing (leaf stem) fertilization method, can basically guarantee the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pod plants in the annual growth period. Demand.
According to the law of nutrient growth and reproductive growth in the annual growth period, the delayed organic fertilizer should be applied to the soil from late September to early October; the quick-acting inorganic fertilizer should be used as top dressing and should be at the nutrition criticality. In mid-April of the period and in the middle of June when the nutrient maximum efficiency period is applied, if the weather condition meets the accumulated temperature required for Qiuguo production, a quick-release chemical fertilizer can be added in mid-August to promote the production of autumn fruit. The top-dressing fertilizer is sprayed every 10 days from the beginning of May to the end of July.
2Ml Refillable Vape Pen,Veiik Disposable Vape Pen,Disposable Vape Stick,Disposable Vape Pens
Shenzhen Wanna Technology Co.Ltd , https://www.veiikvape.com