Biotechnology is the most active factor in productivity after information technology. The global biotechnology industry's sales are about doubling every five years, and its growth rate is as high as 25%-30%, while the global economic growth rate is only about 2.5% on average, so it is roughly 10 times of the average world economic growth. . The most important thing in the development of biotechnology is that it is expected to break through the land bottleneck that restricts human development.
The 21st century is the time for the bio-economy era. It is a foregone conclusion. In recent years, the three technological breakthroughs that won the Nobel Prize have been genetic technologies. They all have billions of dollars worth of commercial value. In the first half of the 21st century, biotechnology will enter a wide-scale, large-scale industrial stage. The production pattern will also shift from treating diseases to prolonging the life cycle of human beings and improving the quality of human life. It can be said that the 21st century is the century of life sciences, and it is also the century of bio-economy. More entrepreneurs claim to fight for the era of biological economy. The wave of information economy may be replaced by the wave of bio-economics in the next 5-10 years! This is because, unlike the information industry, the biotechnology industry is hardly affected by the economic boom cycle, and it is full of enormous business opportunities in the medical, agricultural, and industrial fields.
Today, the global biotechnology industry market is dominated by the United States, followed by the European Union, and Japan is closely following. In 2003, U.S. biotechnology investment accounted for 12.5% ​​of the total U.S. venture capital investment. It is expected that this proportion will increase to 13.5% in 2004. Biotechnology products are expanding at a rate of 12% each year. In 2003, sales revenue reached 21.5 billion U.S. dollars, and it is expected to increase to 49 billion U.S. dollars by 2010. However, in the next 10 years, the EU and Japan will have a higher growth rate than the United States, because they not only accelerate the support of biotechnology products, but both the government's investment in science and technology and the amount of venture capital are increasing year by year. The German government named 2001 as the year of life science. According to reports from Japanese media, the Japanese government is establishing a 10-year national cutting-edge scientific and technological plan. Among them, biotechnology, seabed research, and nanotechnology are listed in the ten key fields of technology. These technologies are directly or indirectly related to the biotechnology industry. Achieving breakthroughs in these areas can promote the regeneration of their scientific and technological capabilities and strengthen their international competitiveness. Recently, Japan has newly formulated a national strategy summary of the "biological industry-building country," striving to build a bio-industry (such as the food industry) into a pillar industry second only to the automotive and information industries. We plan to increase the biological R&D expenditure to about 2 trillion yen by the end of 2006, which is four times more than before. We will focus on Japan’s disadvantaged development of bio-based technologies and personnel training, and strive to create 1 million jobs.
The use of biotechnology to solve the food shortage of the world's population is expected to exceed 8 billion by 2025, an increase of 2.5 billion from the current level, and the population growth is mainly in developing countries. Faced with the increasingly wilted resources on land, developed countries in the United States, Japan, and Europe, marine biopharmaceuticals have become relatively mature disciplines, and have become the most profitable industries in the world. Currently, hundreds of drugs have entered clinical evaluation. When the new industrial revolution and the new core technology rise, it is also an excellent opportunity for the backward countries to catch up with advanced countries. It provides an opportunity for various countries to catch up and enables backward countries to achieve economic and technological leapfrog by developing new leading industries. Development is possible.
Many of the genes of non-human organisms have been deciphered and the rice and wheat genes that feed half the world's population are still being deciphered. Scientists believe that this work will certainly bring great benefits to human health and daily life. At the same time, despite the suspicion of genetically modified crops, the cultivation of global transgenic crops (soy, corn, and cotton) increased by more than 26 times from 1996 to 2003, from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to almost 50 million in 2004. Hectares, there are currently 18 countries that grow GM crops, and 45 other countries are currently conducting research and development.
In 2004, the absolute growth rate of biotech crops in developing countries exceeded the growth of developed countries (6.1 million hectares) for the first time with an absolute increase of 7.2 million hectares, achieving the largest increase in the last five years, an increase of 20% compared with 2003. Transforming agriculture with biotechnology will be fundamental to alleviating poverty, meeting the world population’s food needs and protecting the environment.
China has great potential in the area of ​​biotechnology. China is a large agricultural country. With the annual arable land decreasing year by year and population increasing year by year, the only way out is to adjust and optimize crop varieties. At present, China's hybrid rice technology has been extended to more than 20 countries. The success of super rice has exceeded 1.2 tons per hectare. The increase in the accuracy of plant hybridization has also made the yield and viability of plants more predictable. This year China may approve the cultivation of biotech rice, which will declare the world’s most important food crops begin to adopt biotechnology.
In 2004, the area of ​​transgenic insect-resistant cotton in China accounted for 40% of the total area of ​​cotton, reaching 3.7 million hectares, which was 32% higher than in 2003, accounting for 5% of the total area of ​​biotech cotton planted in the world. More than 400 varieties such as genetically modified rice, corn, soybeans, and vegetables have also entered the safety evaluation stage, and many varieties have industrialized conditions. At the same time, embryo transfer technology has improved cattle and sheep breeds, and biological fertilizers and pesticides are playing an increasingly important role in agricultural production. Five kinds of recombinant microbial preparations such as genetically modified nitrogen-fixing agents and veterinary vaccines, and three kinds of microbial pesticides such as BT gene microbial preparations have been put into use. The discovery and application of drought-resistant and salt-tolerant genes in plants will have the potential to completely change the ecological environment of 1 billion mu of arid areas and turn a 500 million-acre, barren land and saline-alkali land into fertile land. It can be said that ecological agriculture around sustainable development will be a breakthrough for China in the biotechnology industry, and it will gradually lead the world in agricultural biotechnology research and application.
In the new situation of scientific and technological progress and the rapid development of economic globalization, the value created through intellectual property has exceeded the value created by capital and labor. Therefore, we must master the basic methods and approaches for the international protection of intellectual property rights. First of all, it is necessary to determine its own trademark for its own goods or services, and to obtain trademark rights or patent rights in foreign countries or regions as soon as possible, and to implement patents and standards as an important strategy. Successful experience abroad shows that intermediary organizations play an important role in the development of high-tech industries, and intermediary organizations are an important part of the innovation system. We must vigorously develop intermediary agencies engaged in information consulting, technology assessment (including biosafety assessment), patent (especially foreign patent) agency, and investment and financing in the biotechnology industry. A group of qualified experts should be invited from abroad to participate in the project review committee. This will not only reduce conflicts of interest between the same industry, but also avoid unnecessary duplication. Focusing on the key and difficult issues in China's agriculture, environmental protection, chemical industry, food and other fields, we have selected a number of major projects to focus on research and implementation of brand and scale traction strategies. Without brands, companies will not be able to obtain market permits. Without scale, brands cannot Expand market share. The basic theory of system theory tells us that an open system is more dynamic than a closed system, and an open economy can make resource allocation more efficient and have more room for maneuvering. According to statistics, half of the biotech drugs approved in recent years have been successfully developed through cooperation, and mergers and acquisitions between biotechnology companies are also very active. Therefore, based on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, results sharing, we must further Broaden international cooperation and exchanges in the field of biotechnology, incorporate the “going out†of biotechnology industry into national foreign economic and trade strategies and policies, study and formulate international product standards and quality control systems, and strengthen the coordination of economic policies and science and technology policies.
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