The application of grafted cultivation techniques for watermelon can make use of the resistance of rootstock varieties to soil-borne diseases, solve the difficulties of rotation in the main production areas for many years after planting, and overcome the obstacles of re-stacking. Japanese watermelon grafted cultivation accounted for more than 95% of the total area. Domestic watermelon grafting in some regions such as Fujian, Hunan, and Liaoning has begun to promote a large area. In 1987, Ningbo City was first experimented with grafting cultivation in Dongwu Town, Yinzhou District, and then it was applied intermittently in Dawei Township and Sanshan Township, Beilun District. In 2002, the cultivated area of ​​watermelons in Ningbo City was over 500hm2. It is estimated that the grafted cultivation area of ​​watermelons in 2003 can be reached. 1330hm2. 1. Advantages of watermelon grafting cultivation techniques: To prevent soil-borne diseases such as wilt disease: Watermelon takes gourds and pumpkin as rootstocks, and can use rootstock resistance to prevent soil-borne diseases such as wilt disease. To promote the early growth of melon seedlings: the roots of gourds and squashes are more developed than watermelons, and their growth adaptability is strong. The cotyledon area is also larger than that of watermelons. Therefore, the grafted seedlings grow faster than their own seedlings when they are alive, and the roots are not susceptible to aging, and the plants spread quickly. It is beneficial to form functional leaf area as soon as possible. Increased plant resistance: Grafted seedlings are more resistant to adverse environmental conditions than low-temperature self-rooted seedlings, which facilitates early planting. Increased fertilizer use efficiency: Grafted seedling plants have a high utilization rate due to the developed root system of rootstocks. If the fertilization amount of grafted seedlings is reduced by 20%, the same amount of vegetative growth and the yield of watermelon fruits as the self-rooted seedlings can still be achieved. Improve watermelon yield: The yield of watermelon grafted seedlings can generally be increased by more than 30% compared with self-rooted seedlings, and the fruit quality is basically the same as self-rooted seedlings. ? 2, watermelon grafting cultivation technology key? (1) grafted seedlings should be appropriate sparse planting, generally 667m? 2 planted 150 to 200 strains. (2) Reasonable fertilization, re-application of phosphorus and potash, and control of nitrogen fertilizer. N-fertilizers are more likely to produce hollow and white tendons, but also cause sugar content to decline and abnormally mature. Basal fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic compound fertilizer. Organic manure should be duck mud, vegetable cakes, and chicken manure. Potassium sulfate should be used for potash fertilizer, and potassium chloride should not be used. Watermelon was sprayed with potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 to 3 times after fruiting. (3) promptly remove the sprouts of the rootstock, so as not to affect the growth of the scion and fruit quality. (4) Properly increase the strength of pruning in the early growth stage. Grafted seedlings are prosperous and their branching ability is strong, but the main vines have been shortened. Therefore, excessive side branches must be removed in time to control the growth of branches, but they cannot be overweight, so as not to affect fruit growth after fruit set. (5) Comprehensive prevention and pest control. Grafting watermelon can overcome the obstacles of re-stacking and prevent the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as watermelon wilt disease. However, diseases such as epidemic disease, anthrax, leaf spot, and powdery mildew can still cause damage to grafted seedlings and must be prevented and treated in time. At the same time, attention should be paid to the control of melons and aphids. , Red spider and other pests. (6) timely harvest. Grafting watermelon should not be harvested earlier than ripe, generally 2 to 3 days later than the root watermelon harvest. Institute of Vegetables, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences 315040, Agricultural Office, Qianqian Town, Yinzhou District, Zhejiang 315121, China
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