Conservation tillage technology is to implement no-tillage and less tillage on farmland, reduce soil tillage as much as possible (as long as the seed can germinate), and use it as a straw and residue to cover the surface, and use chemical drugs to control weeds and diseases and pests, thereby reducing Soil erosion, water erosion, and improved soil fertility and drought resistance are an advanced agricultural farming technique. The predecessor of conservation tillage was called the “no-tillage methodâ€. With the deepening of research and the continuous expansion of the demonstration and extension area, people found that completely no-tillage can only adapt to some soil and natural conditions, so after 1980 it was renamed conservation tillage. At present, the development of the technology at home and abroad l. The development of foreign countries At the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of over-cultivation and destruction of vegetation, the second black storm swept the mainland of the United States. Thousands of tons of farmland were scraped away. Tens of thousands of mu of grain fields have been destroyed. Whereas the surface of the soil is covered by straw and debris, the topsoil is retained. To this end, in 1942 the United States established the Soil Conservation Bureau. With the joint efforts of soil scientists, agronomists, and agricultural machinery experts, a conservation tillage method was developed. After the harvest, the crop stalks and roots were left on the ground to protect the land. In order to prevent wind and water erosion, at present, the traditional farming methods of plough ploughing have been basically eliminated in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The conservation tillage method supported by mechanization has been used in large areas, and good results have been achieved. The total area of ​​the application of the technology in North America, South America, Australia, Europe, Africa, and Asia reached 946 million mu, which is quite complete and popular in the United States, Canada, and Australia. 2. Application of China Since the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to the prevention and control of desertification. In 1958, the call to "enter the desert" was issued; in the 1980s, the warning of "smooth sand chasing Beijing" once again caught the attention of the central leadership and ordinary people, and thus carried out the construction of the "Three North" shelterbelt; In deciding to begin the strategy of developing the western region, the party Central Committee regards the construction of the ecological environment as the entry point for the development of the western region. How to carry out "ecological environmental protection and construction"? How to control sand storm? There is no doubt that planting trees and grass is very important. However, sand and dust do not only come from deserts and barren hills, but a considerable portion comes from exposed, dry and loose farmland. To this end, the Ministry of Agriculture, in accordance with the instructions of the relevant leaders of the State Council, is guided by the National Plan for Ecological Environment Construction, combined with the "2001-2010 Plan for Desertification Prevention and Control in Beijing Area" and the "National Plan for Dryland and Water-saving Agriculture". , Preparation of the "National Conservation Tillage Plan." In order to speed up the process of demonstration and promotion of conservation tillage, the Ministry of Agriculture included conservation tillage as one of the 50 agricultural technologies that were highlighted during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period. Since 2002, the central government has set up special funds for conservation tillage, and has established demonstration plots for conservation tillage projects in 58 counties in 13 provinces (cities, districts) in the north. The demonstration area covers more than 100 million mu and the radiation area is nearly 5 million mu. . The demonstration radiating area will be further expanded in 2003. This indicates that the demonstration and promotion of conservation tillage technology in China has entered a new stage. 3. Significance of Developing Conservation Tillage China is one of the major arid countries. The arid, semi-arid and semi-humid areas are 52.5% of the country's land area. They are distributed in Kunlun Mountains, Qinling Mountains, and 16 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions north of the Huai River. At present, the area of ​​dry farming is about 33 million hectares. . The main problems in the sustainable development of agriculture in the arid regions are: low rainfall, low temperatures, poor soil, poor natural conditions, low yields, unsteady production, and poor peasant life. Second, soil erosion and wind erosion are very serious. A large number of soil erosion not only resulted in a decline in soil fertility, but also eroded the arable land, and the soil and mountainous areas were converted into books. The Loess Plateau was washed and gullyed and fragmented, exacerbating the situation of “drought, thinness, coarseness, and povertyâ€. Wind erosion and desertification is a more prominent problem in the drought-stricken areas in northern China in recent years. Due to excessive reclamation and improper cultivation, vegetation is destroyed, desertification of land is becoming faster and faster, and the frequency of dust storms is increasing. The area of ​​desertification has accounted for 28% of the country's land area, and it has also rapidly expanded at a rate of 2,460 km 2 per year. The reasons for the ecological deterioration of soil erosion are, in addition to a large number of land reclamation and reduction of forest and grass vegetation, closely related to improper farming practices and extensive management. For example, the use of fired straw, plowing ploughing, and traditional farming of exposed land for drylands are inappropriate ways. Plowing can loosen the soil, bury fertilizers and weeds, and then create a good seedbed through soil and ground. However, loose surface, large evaporation and runoff, wind blowing, sand and water flow are the cause of sandstorms and desertification. The important reason. In order to control dust storms, protect the ecological environment, change the appearance of dry areas, and vigorously promote the return of farmland to forests and grasslands, it is necessary to vigorously develop conservation tillage methods that can protect farmland, reduce farmland dredging, and reduce soil erosion. Since 1991, the China Agricultural University and the Shanxi Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau have cooperated with each other to start a mechanized conservation tillage system experiment in the province with the development of conservation tillage implements as a breakthrough. As a result of 10 years of experimentation, conservation tillage has obvious social, ecological, and economic benefits compared with conventional tillage. (1) Social benefits. 1 Reduce runoff (water loss) 60%, water erosion (soil loss) about 80%. 2 Reduce wind erosion (60% in farmland) and suppress dust storms. 3 Do not burn straw and reduce air pollution. (2) Ecological benefits. 1 Increase soil water storage during leisure period by 14% to 15%, improve water use efficiency by 15% to 17%, increase soil fertility, increase soil organic matter content by 0.03%, increase available nitrogen and available potassium content. (3) Economic benefits. 1 Increase wheat and corn production by 13% to 17%. 2Reduce working procedures and reduce operating costs. 3 Increase farmers' income by 20% to 30%. At present, agricultural machinery departments and scientific and technical personnel in Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Beijing, and Tianjin are carrying out multi-point experiments and large-scale demonstration and promotion.
Amitraz is a potent miticide for veterinary fields for the control of susceptible ticks, fleas and lice including organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid resistant strains on cattle and mange on pigs.
Dosage
For external use only.
Cattle : 1000 ml. Intraz-125 EC per 500 litres of water.
: Cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus). Treat at intervals of 19-21 days.
: New Zealand Cattle ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis).Treat at intervals of 7-21 days.
: Paralysis ticks (Ixodes holocyclus). Treat at intervals of 7-10 days.
Pigs : 1000 ml. Intraz-125 EC per 250 litres of water.
: Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei var suis.)
Critical Comments:
Cattle : Spray cattle with a minimum of 10 litres for hand sprays and 4 litres for recirculating spays.
Pigs : Remove feed and bedding from pens. Cover drinking bowls and clean out pen. Spray pigs with minimum of 2 ltr. spray wash, especially inside ears and legs, under jowls and areas covered by scabs. Replace discarded bedding with clean material. Repeat treatment after 7-10 days. Two treatments at 7-10 days are recommended for sows and gilts before entering farrowing pens, for piglets at weaning, and for pigs newly bought into the piggery. Boars should be treated every 3 months.
Amitraz
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