Natural killer cells may contribute to the immunotherapy of cancer. These immune system guards are always performing their alert duties, so they are thought to eliminate tumor cells that meet and often escape chemotherapy. Currently, more than twenty clinical trials are underway to improve the ability of natural killer cells to cope with cancer.
However, none of the drugs being developed use epigenetic pathways. According to a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, this may be a mistake. A team led by Si-Yi Chen from the University of Southern California-Norris Integrated Cancer Center in Los Angeles showed that the enzyme MYSM1 (representing Myb-like, SWIRM and MPN domain protein 1) controls natural killer cells. The final step of maturity is reached through epigenetic variation. They believe that this increase in enzyme levels will help fight cancer cells by increasing the number of mature natural killer cells.
"This is very important for us to understand the development of natural killer cells," said cancer immunologist Porunelloor Mathew from the University of North Texas Health Science Center. He himself did not participate in the study.
A novel cancer treatment method for self-destruction of tumor cells
A new type of chemotherapy drug targets its tissue structure of cancer cells, which can lead to self-destruction of all types of malignant tumors.
Researchers at the University of New South Wales in Australia have developed a new anti-cancer drug. The drug, called TR100, is based on the principle of destroying proteins that make up the structure of cancer cells without causing any damage to healthy cells. The researchers tested mice in the lab and the results were published this month in the journal Cancer Research.
Just like a building, cells must have a certain supporting structure to maintain their shape. Two proteins, called actin and myosin, provide structural support for cancer cells; they are like some long, strong and interlocking cables.
Healthy human muscle cells, including cells that make up the heart, also utilize actin and myosin. For this reason, most researchers have abandoned the goal of using actin and myosin as chemotherapy, and the development of drugs targeting these proteins has been almost stagnant for the past 25 years.
However, the international myosin expert Dr. Peter. Peter Gunning has been advancing this research, and his research has achieved some results. He and other researchers have been able to isolate two specific types of myosin, called tropomyosin. Only cancer cells need to use these proteins, and healthy muscle cells don't need them. He co-developed the TR100 drug with the lead author of this paper, Justine Stehn.
Programmed cell death: causing tumor implosion
“We have tracked the core components of the internal architecture or structure of cancer cells,†said Stehan, a researcher at the Department of Oncology at the Department of Medical Sciences at the University of New South Wales, in an interview with a health hotline. Says, "When a cell notices a major error in its structure, it will have a programmed cell death."
Programmed cell death is a hereditary time bomb that lurks in every human cell. If the cell is damaged, infected, or malfunctioning, the body can signal a self-destruction. "It's like the collapse of the building we've seen," Stehn said. "If a building's structure and support are removed, it will collapse." Programmed death causes the cell itself to split into small pieces. Fragments that can be absorbed, recycled, and reused by other cells.
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