In order to strengthen the scientific fertilization guidance for the main crops in autumn and winter, improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization, promote crop yield increase, improve crop quality, increase farmers' income and sustainable development of agriculture, according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand for main crops in autumn and winter, the results of soil testing and formula fertilization project are Based on the progress made by the Ministry of Agriculture's “Action Plan for Zero Growth of Fertilizer Use by 2020â€, the research and development of the guidance for scientific fertilization of major crops in autumn and winter of 2016 was formulated.
Winter rape
Winter rapeseed area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
Including Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, and western Hubei
1, the principle of fertilization
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;
(2) Nitrogen application in different stages, appropriate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application, high-yield fields to grasp the application of manure, and low-yield fields to simplify the application of fertilizer;
(3) According to the soil available boron content, an appropriate amount of boron fertilizer;
(4) Adding organic fertilizer, promoting the cooperation of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and increasing the strength of straw returning;
(5) Adding alkaline fertilizer to acidified soil;
(6) Fertilizer application should be combined with other high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques, especially attention should be paid to increasing planting density.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 20-11-10 (N-P2O5-K2O, containing boron) or similar formula;
(2) The production level is above 200 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, the wintering seedling fertilizer is applied with urea 5~8 kg/mu, and the manure fertilizer is applied with urea 5~8 kg/mu;
(3) The production level is 150~200 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~50 kg/mu, the wintering seedling fertilizer is applied with urea 5~8 kg/mu, and the manure fertilizer is applied with urea 3~5 kg/mu;
(4) The production level is 100~150 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the wintering seedling fertilizer is applied with urea 5~8 kg/mu;
(5) The production level is below 100 kg/mu, and the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 30~40 kg/mu.
Winter rapeseed area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Including Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and most of Hubei
1, the principle of fertilization
(1) According to the soil fertilization results, determine the reasonable amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and determine the reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;
(2) Deep application of transplanted rapeseed base fertilizer, direct seeding of rapeseed seed and fertilizer, so as to achieve concentrated application of fertilizer and improve nutrient utilization efficiency;
(3) According to the soil available boron content, an appropriate amount of boron fertilizer;
(4) Increase the intensity of straw returning to the field and promote the cooperation of organic and inorganic fertilizers;
(5) Adding alkaline fertilizer to acidified soil;
(6) Fertilizer application should be combined with other high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques. In particular, attention should be paid to increasing planting density, and live rapeseed should be properly seasoned.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommend 18-10-12 (N-P2O5-K2O, containing boron) or similar formula;
(2) The production level is above 200 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, the wintering seedling fertilizer is applied with urea 5~8 kg/mu, and the manure fertilizer is applied with urea 5~8 kg/mu;
(3) The production level is 150~200 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~50 kg/mu, the wintering seedling fertilizer is applied with urea 5~8 kg/mu, and the manure fertilizer is applied with urea 3~5 kg/mu;
(4) The production level is 100~150 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied 5~8 kg/mu;
(5) The production level is below 100 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25~30 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied 5~8 kg/mu.
Three-cooked winter rapeseed area
Including Hunan, Jiangxi and Guangxi
1, the principle of fertilization
(1) According to the results of soil testing and formula fertilization, determine the reasonable dosage and ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and pay attention to the application of manure;
(2) According to the effective boron content of the soil, the amount of boron fertilizer is supplemented;
(3) 2 to 3 kg/mu of sulfur can be applied in the sulfur-deficient area. If other sulfur-containing fertilizers are used, the amount of sulfur can be reduced.
(4) Increase the intensity of straw returning to the field and promote the cooperation of organic and inorganic fertilizers;
(5) Adding alkaline fertilizer to acidified soil;
(6) Improve the planting density of rapeseed, pay attention to open the trench and prevent the field from being stained with water.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) Recommended 18-8-14 (N-P2O5-K2O, containing boron) or similar formula;
(2) The production level is above 180 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied to urea 5~8 kg/mu;
(3) The production level is 150~180 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 40~45 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied 5~8 kg/mu;
(4) The production level is 100~150 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 35~40 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied to the urea 3~5 kg/mu;
(5) The production level is below 100 kg/mu, the recommended dosage of formula fertilizer is 25~30 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is applied to urea 3~5 kg/mu.
tea tree
1, the principle of fertilization
Insufficient amount of organic fertilizer input in tea gardens, poor soil and poor water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, some tea gardens use high levels of nitrogen fertilizer, insufficient proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and lack of medium and trace elements such as magnesium, sulfur and boron, and some tea gardens in South China and other tea areas. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer has led to problems such as soil acidification, and the following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) Adding organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic combined application;
(2) According to soil fertility conditions and yield levels, appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, strengthen the combined application of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizers, and pay attention to the supplement of nutrients such as sulfur and boron;
(3) Tea gardens with a serious soil acidification (pH<4.0) can be improved by applying dolomite powder, quicklime, etc.;
(4) Combined with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization advice
(1) General production of tea gardens, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20~30 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 6~10 kg/mu. The above fertilization amount includes nutrients in the organic fertilizer;
(2) Magnesium, zinc and boron tea gardens, soil application of magnesium fertilizer (MgO) 2~3 kg/mu, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O) 0.7~1 kg/mu, borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) 1 kg/mu;
(3) Sulfur-deficient tea garden, choose sulfur-containing fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and superphosphate.
Precautions:
Fertilizer operation for the whole year. In principle, organic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are mainly based on autumn and winter base fertilizers, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied in different times.
among them:
Base fertilizer, apply all organic fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, trace element fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer which accounts for 30%~40% of the annual amount. The suitable period of fertilization is between the end of September and the end of October after the end of the tea season. Deep tillage application, the application depth is about 20 cm.
Topdressing is generally based on nitrogen fertilizer, and the topdressing period is determined based on the growth of tea trees and the state of tea picking.
The germination fertilizer is applied about 30 days before the spring tea, accounting for 30%~40% of the annual dosage; the summer tea topdressing is carried out before the spring tea ends in the spring tea, generally in the middle and late May, the dosage is the whole year. About 20%; autumn tea topdressing is carried out after the end of summer tea, generally applied in the middle and late July, the dosage is about 20% of the whole year.
For the only spring tea, not the summer and autumn tea garden, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, which can be determined according to the low end of the above-mentioned fertilization dosage; at the same time, the annual fertilizer management is appropriately adjusted, and the annual dosage is applied before the end of spring tea and deep (heavy) pruning. 20% of nitrogen fertilizer, and then applied nitrogen fertilizer once in the end of July of that year, the dosage is about 20% of the whole year. (Zhongyuan Fertilizer Double Fair)
This article URL: 2016 autumn and winter main crops fertilization recommended organic fertilizer inorganic fertilizer cooperation
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