Since China's beef cattle industry entered high-speed development at the end of the 20th century, there have been production areas such as North China beef cattle belt, Northeast beef cattle belt, and there have been high-grade beef and beef cattle that can guarantee batch supply, and production should be promoted, sold, and sales promoted. The regulations stipulate that the industrial system will continue to improve. However, China's beef industry has just come out of the cattle industry and has also come out with a deep sense of original business awareness and backwardness. It also competes with imported high-grade beef. After China became a member of the World Trade Organization, this competition will be even more intense. Some people say that Chinese beef is now much cheaper than imported and is not afraid of competition. This is really the case! After importing high-grade beef to achieve zero tariffs, the difference between the price and quality is excellent. If Chinese beef is still low grade, will it be passive? Therefore, there will be better prospects only if it is more cost-effective than imported goods. To ensure that the high efficiency of the beef industry must be handled according to the requirements of the modern beef industry, the industrialists who engage in beef cattle must have the following key points in keeping: (1) Adjusting the formula for the diet to meet the requirements of the market. The main channel for live cattle sales. In 20 years, the standard weight of live cattle has risen from 400 to 550 kg, but the number of heads has dropped from 200,000 to 600,000 heads per year. Although the cattle slaughter rate has increased and the grade has increased, the estimated beef production has dropped from 32,000 tons to 16,000 tons. This is the performance of high-quality beef from Australia and the United States that is increasingly occupying the Hong Kong market. In China, the weight of the cattle in the market is increased from 300 kg to 400 kg. The number of cattle in the countryside is relatively small, ranging from 200 kg to 400 kg. This way, fattening cattle increase daily from the past 1 kg. , rose to 1.4 kg. Feed formulas for fattening cattle must be changed. The number and grade of beef requested by major cities have also changed dramatically. For example, beef beef hotpot slices in Beijing, grilled beef steak in Shanghai, and beef and beef in Guangzhou are all required for beef. Because they do not pursue live weight, small yellow cattle in the north and south can also use, but the fattening of high-grade beef has become the consensus of entrepreneurs. The marble pattern of beef is better, so the proportion of concentrate in rations is increased from 40% to 75%, and even more. high. The fattening period is extended from 90 days to 140 days, the cost is increased, and high-tech nutrition is required. (2) Making full use of agricultural and sideline products requires low cost and high output, and the use of agricultural and sideline products must be fully utilized. This includes cottonseed cakes, coriander cakes, distiller's grains, sugar residues, sugarcane tails, beet pulps, peels, etc., which are energy and protein feeds for beef cattle, which can be increased from 5% in fattening cattle diets. To 15%, to reduce the proportion of corn and other grain feeds, can not be ignored. (3) The Necessity of Straw Processing The cow must have straw in its diet formula, which is a necessary ingredient for healthy digestion of cattle. As a rich straw resource in the grain-producing areas, it is also one of the main reasons for the production of high-quality beef in the agricultural areas in the past 10 years and the output exceeding the pastoral area. There are two factors that must be taken into account in fattening: First, the proportion of concentrate in the diet during the late period of fattening increases. If a certain amount of straw is not maintained, the cow's digestion will be abnormal, resulting in stagnation of the rumen and even wear of the stomach nipples. Serious death. There should also be 2% to 3% of straw in the beef quality improvement diet. In order to enable cattle to eat more straw, to remove dust, soft is the most feasible, and straw broken into powder is not desirable. Straw stalks are short, 5 to 7 centimeters is better, straw, wheat straw, and corn stalks can be used to achieve the purpose by using a kneading machine. The second is the production of beef with distinct red and white marble patterns, and corn and other agricultural and sideline products. At this time, the use of hay or alfalfa hay can not replace the role of straw, otherwise it will affect the color of fat and reduce the price of meat. (4) Straw processing technology Straw processing is also very important in ordinary feeding, which can increase feed intake and improve nutrition. This is mainly the following: First, cleaning, short-term immersion of straw, light scouring to remove dust, and play a softening effect, mainly for wheat straw and straw; Second, soft fleas, as mentioned in the previous section, is also softened to corn stalks Crude stalks are the main type; the third is salty water, with 1% warm salt water, the straw to be fed is wetted, mixed, pressed, covered with plastic cloth, and fed one day later; the fourth is ammoniation, which uses dissolved urea. Water treatment of straw to increase protein content can be promoted when urea is inexpensive. (5) Promoting grain and feed and using corn silage Cattle is an integral part of adjusting agricultural structure. Whole plant corn can produce 8 to 10 tons of green feed per 0.067 hectares, with ear, nutrient-rich, calculated according to feed 15 kg per cow per day, each 0.067 hectares of corn for the short-term fattening cattle 6 to 7 needs. In particular, high-protein and high-oil corn are used for silage, and round-timing guarantees are provided throughout the year. Taking a net profit of 400 yuan for fattening cattle, it is estimated that the profit per 0.067 hectares of feed corn is more than 2,400 yuan, which is more profitable than that of grain crops.
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