With the rise of the intensive and closed breeding of the pig industry, the pollution in the pig house air has become increasingly serious. This suggests that the pig owners must pay attention to the air quality of the pig house because the air pollution in the pig house will prejudice the staff’s The health and safety of pigs, when severe, can lead to respiratory diseases. In the production will also cause economic losses.
First, the pollution source of pig house air
Air pollution in piggery can be divided into three categories, one is dust, the other is harmful gas, and the third is harmful microorganisms.
In the past two decades, the reform from traditional thin cooked foods to raw materials has been reformed. The feed for pigs is mostly dry powder and pellets, and feed dust is bound to increase. During the feeding process, pigs snatch each other, exhalation shock feed, etc. will bring dust, which will be clearly seen when the sun shines into the pig house.
The normal physiological activities of the pig's body, skin cells from time to time due to the loss of the metabolism, together with the hair fragments will fly into the air, especially pigs in the pigskin wall when itching, produce more fur dust.
Some farms use litter in the piggery to keep warm. When the litter is bitten by a pig and pressed, it also generates a lot of dust. After the measurement, the resulting dust can increase the air content tenfold.
The excretion of excrement and respiratory movements of pigs will also produce odorous harmful gases, etc., which will enter the air. If they are not cleaned and eliminated in time, they will bring hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), and carbon monoxide in the air. (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), butyric acid, hydrazine, mercaptans, phenols, skatole, methane gas content increased.
The source of microorganisms in the air are the exhalation of pigs, feed, litter, excretion of urine, excretion of the excreta and the body surface. In some cases, foreign air and organisms (insects and rats) can also be brought in. Among them, harmful microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi) The increase is bound to cause illness.
Second, the harm of air pollution
People react to dust and harmful gases differently. Prolonged inhalation can cause acute and chronic bronchitis, excessive alveolar reaction, asthma, chronic alveolar dysfunction, and organic dust poisoning syndrome (TDDS). Some harmful microbes are pathogenic to human pigs. According to statistics, 1% of people in rural areas suffer from respiratory problems, and nearly 30% of them are caused by animal husbandry. American North Carolina animal husbandry workers suffer from chronic mucoclerosis, asthma, and reduced lung function. Of course, dust and harmful gases in the air are also harmful to pigs.
The size and content of dust particles in the air have a great difference to the health of humans and pigs. Dust particles are small and the content is high, and the hazard is relatively large. On the contrary, they are smaller. The dust particle size is more important than the content. It is usually stated that the air quality in a pig house is a maximum of 3 mg of dust per cubic meter. The smallest particle of dust is only 1 micron, with a maximum of 100 microns. Coarse particles are less likely to be inhaled by the lungs and have a shorter suspension time in the air. After the medium-sized dust particles are inhaled, most of them will be filtered out in the nasal cavity. The smallest dust particles below 5 μm pose a real threat to the respiratory health of humans and pigs because these small particles will enter the lungs smoothly. Industrial occupational diseases.
The harm of dust to pigs is far less serious than that of humans. First, pigs have short life spans and short victimization times. Second, pigs are short and small, and low-level dust particles are not easily inhaled. However, the operators of slaughterhouses in Western Europe recently reported that the damage to swine respiratory organs was 20% higher than five years ago. The root cause is the increase in dust in modern enclosed pig houses.
NH3, H2S, and CO2 are more harmful gases in the air, and pigs with NH3 concentrations of 50 mmp, H2S20 mmp, and CO2 1000 mmp are easily tolerated. Above these standards, the mild clinical symptoms are rapid breathing, flushing of mucous membranes, eye conjunctiva, and secretion. Increased amount of material, tears, sneezing, throat swelling, bronchial congestion, cough; high concentrations, it will cause bronchitis, pneumonia, eye conjunctivitis; through the lungs into the blood, destroy the oxygen transport function; more serious, trigger poisoning , Autonomic disorders.
Another cause of respiratory disease is bacterial so-called endotoxins, which are the remnants of dead and disintegrated cells. It has been proved that Gram-negative bacteria or endotoxins in dust are inhaled with dust and cause specific respiratory symptoms. These symptoms of metamorphosis include nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, cough, and eye irritation. Inhalation of dust is short-lived and long-term. Short-term inhalation of lung damage is also temporary. Prolonged inhalation causes permanent damage to the lung bronchi and bronchioles.
III. Control of air pollution in pig houses
It is very difficult to completely solve the air pollution in pig houses. The following methods can effectively reduce the content and damage of dust and harmful gases.
1. The use of granules is better than powder; under the normal physiological requirements, the coarser grind is better than the grinded grain; feeding wet material is better than dry material.
2. Open the window of the pig house in the summer to make helium air circulation; open the air exhaust device to discharge the dirty air at regular time in winter.
3. Injecting oil (vegetable oil) devices in winter pighouses, spraying water devices in summer, and performing 5-8 sprays per day will reduce the dust in pig houses by 40-70%.
4. After entering the pig house, people should wear masks to cover their noses and prevent some dust from inhaling into the lungs.
5, timely removal of excreta, cleaning the ground, can reduce the NH3, H2S, CO2 and other air content.
6, according to the requirements of the pig's body surface parasites to prevent and control, reduce the pig's pruritus brought about the broken hair fly.
7. Kill insects and rodents in pig houses and reduce the chance of introducing harmful microorganisms.
8, as far as possible without or little use of litter, not only salty but also dust savings.
9, reasonable light, the sun's ultraviolet rays can kill harmful bacteria in the air.
10. The electrical air purification system stream (device) reported by the Institute of Mechanization of Farming and Animal Husbandry in Inner Mongolia can be used to eliminate and purify air pollution in pig houses. Remove the space pollution and install it on the top, remove the odor gas of excrement and install it in the excrement. The removal rate of dust particles above 1 micron can reach 70-80%. The inhibition and decomposition rates of odor gases can reach 30-40%. The harmful microorganisms can be reduced, weakened, killed, aerosolized, and the pigs can be improved. Immunity.
The popularization of modern production in the swine industry will inevitably bring about changes in the environment of pigs. Air pollution from piggery is one of the important issues. It is mentioned daily by the pig raising community and scientific, effective, convenient, and economical. With the development and promotion of the equipment, the air quality of the pig house will soon be greatly improved.
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