In autumn 2005, persistent rainy weather caused sluggish leaflets in a large area, the area of ​​rapeseed was reduced, the area of ​​wheat was expanded, the chance of early sowing wheat infecting rust increased, and the late sowing of wheat was weakened. After the beginning of spring in 2006, there was much rain and temperature. The recovery is fast, which is a warmer, early-warming year, resulting in wheat stripe rust, sheath blight, wheat spider spider, wheat aphid, serious occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and early arrival of wheat armyworm, large amount of infestation, new situation for pests and diseases. We are actively working to strengthen the survey and monitoring of pests and diseases. According to the current census, inspections, and monitoring, the current situation of pests and diseases in our city and the prevention and control measures are summarized as follows:
First, the occurrence of pests and diseases
1. Wheat Stripe Rust According to the census conducted by me from March 14th to March 15th, 22 sick fields were found in Huancheng, Nancheng, Xiongji, Wudian and Xinglong Suiyang stores, with 60 sick spots and 390 diseased leaves. The rate has reached 8.2%. The diseased leaf rate is 0.2-3.85%, with an average of 1.3%. The average severity is 5.0% and the maximum severity is 100%. Compared with March 1, the diseased leaf rate has increased by 52.9%. There are 30 central disease groups with a maximum central disease area of ​​5.2m2 and 126 diseased leaves. Observing field and field investigations through comparison of varieties resistance, the current susceptible wheat varieties include Lankao Aobaza, Huapei 2, Wanmai 369, 98-68, Kaimai 18, Shandong 14096, Yangmai 12, Emai 14 etc. These varieties are very beneficial to the prevalence of wheat stripe rust under suitable climatic conditions.
2. Wheat Sheath Blight and Powdery Mildew The current disease incidence rate of wheat sheath blight was 57.5%, which mainly occurred in the early sowing of paddy field and part of dryland wheat areas. The susceptible variety Rhizoctonia solani was serious and susceptible varieties were found. There are mainly Space 6, Kaimai 18, Lankao Aobazai, and Emai 14. According to the survey on March 13, the diseased planting rate was 3.67% to 70.5% with an average of 32.54%, which was 8.19% higher than the same period of last year. It was 10 days. At the previous 1.8 times, the average disease index was 8.52, and the highest was 18.63, accounting for 22.5% of the total control standards. Wheat powdery mildew occurs sporadically, with only two diseases and two strains.
3. Maiyuan spider and Maiji This year, the birth of Maiyuan spider was postponed. Over the past few years, the egg began to hatch and damage. Currently, it mainly occurs in dry land and some paddy fields. It was investigated on March 13 and the pest field rate reached 70%. The number of one hundred strains was 60 to 2800 heads, with an average of 957.6 heads. It was 5.1 times that of Feb. 20, which was 2.88 times that of March 5. It was 1.9 times the standard for prevention and control, and the number of single plants was as high as 36 heads. The proportion of earthworms rose from the original 10% to 80%, accounting for 17.1% of the control standards of Tian, ​​and some fields appeared yellow and green patches. Wheat aphids are more prevalent in Zaobei, with more than 80 strains of 100 strains, and the highest single strain quantity is 20 heads. The number of strains in other wheat areas is 8-20.
4. Mythimna separata is a migratory pest. This year, 96 moths have been attracted since the planting of moths on 9th of February. There are 56 more moths in the same period of 2003. The ratio of female to male is 61:34. At present, the peak days of the moth trap are March 13 and 15, with 15 and 20 moths respectively. It is expected that this year's wheat armyworm will have moderate to heavy weight.
5, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum plunged in the autumn last fall. The area of ​​rapeseed was greatly reduced, the area of ​​rapeseed cultivars was reduced, and the rape seedlings were weak. The rapeseed field was more weedy, and the soil moisture was not good, which was not conducive to the germination of the sub-capsules. March 13 In the 25m2 survey, only 8 sub-occluded disks were found, averaging 0.32 per square meter, which was lower than the previous year and last year. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is expected to occur lightly.
Second, prevention and control countermeasures According to the current occurrence of summer crops and summer oil pests in our city, combined with species layout and distribution of pests and diseases, we will adopt “three enhancementsâ€, “three prompts†and “three stressesâ€. “Three enhancements†means strengthening pest inspection, census, and monitoring methods. Secondly, liaising with all township agricultural technical stations, and strengthening reporting to the municipal party committee and municipal government authorities. "Three timely", that is, a timely and accurate release of pest information, two timely reports to the municipal Party committee and municipal government staff, three timely through the television media and promotional vehicles to launch propaganda. “Three stressesâ€, that is, first, pay close attention to the implementation of printing and distribution of pest control technical data to farmers, and secondly, pay close attention to the implementation of pest control materials, and third, pay close attention to post-infestation inspections, work summaries, and search for existing problems.
At present, the city has widely publicized the mobilization of farmers to prevent a wheat stripe rust before March 20th, to control Maiyuan spiders, and to treat wheat sheath blight. After going back to this meeting, we will implement the spirit of the meeting in a timely manner and earnestly do a good job of prevention and control of pests and diseases of wheat and rapeseed in 2006 so as to minimize the loss of pests and diseases.
First, the occurrence of pests and diseases
1. Wheat Stripe Rust According to the census conducted by me from March 14th to March 15th, 22 sick fields were found in Huancheng, Nancheng, Xiongji, Wudian and Xinglong Suiyang stores, with 60 sick spots and 390 diseased leaves. The rate has reached 8.2%. The diseased leaf rate is 0.2-3.85%, with an average of 1.3%. The average severity is 5.0% and the maximum severity is 100%. Compared with March 1, the diseased leaf rate has increased by 52.9%. There are 30 central disease groups with a maximum central disease area of ​​5.2m2 and 126 diseased leaves. Observing field and field investigations through comparison of varieties resistance, the current susceptible wheat varieties include Lankao Aobaza, Huapei 2, Wanmai 369, 98-68, Kaimai 18, Shandong 14096, Yangmai 12, Emai 14 etc. These varieties are very beneficial to the prevalence of wheat stripe rust under suitable climatic conditions.
2. Wheat Sheath Blight and Powdery Mildew The current disease incidence rate of wheat sheath blight was 57.5%, which mainly occurred in the early sowing of paddy field and part of dryland wheat areas. The susceptible variety Rhizoctonia solani was serious and susceptible varieties were found. There are mainly Space 6, Kaimai 18, Lankao Aobazai, and Emai 14. According to the survey on March 13, the diseased planting rate was 3.67% to 70.5% with an average of 32.54%, which was 8.19% higher than the same period of last year. It was 10 days. At the previous 1.8 times, the average disease index was 8.52, and the highest was 18.63, accounting for 22.5% of the total control standards. Wheat powdery mildew occurs sporadically, with only two diseases and two strains.
3. Maiyuan spider and Maiji This year, the birth of Maiyuan spider was postponed. Over the past few years, the egg began to hatch and damage. Currently, it mainly occurs in dry land and some paddy fields. It was investigated on March 13 and the pest field rate reached 70%. The number of one hundred strains was 60 to 2800 heads, with an average of 957.6 heads. It was 5.1 times that of Feb. 20, which was 2.88 times that of March 5. It was 1.9 times the standard for prevention and control, and the number of single plants was as high as 36 heads. The proportion of earthworms rose from the original 10% to 80%, accounting for 17.1% of the control standards of Tian, ​​and some fields appeared yellow and green patches. Wheat aphids are more prevalent in Zaobei, with more than 80 strains of 100 strains, and the highest single strain quantity is 20 heads. The number of strains in other wheat areas is 8-20.
4. Mythimna separata is a migratory pest. This year, 96 moths have been attracted since the planting of moths on 9th of February. There are 56 more moths in the same period of 2003. The ratio of female to male is 61:34. At present, the peak days of the moth trap are March 13 and 15, with 15 and 20 moths respectively. It is expected that this year's wheat armyworm will have moderate to heavy weight.
5, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum plunged in the autumn last fall. The area of ​​rapeseed was greatly reduced, the area of ​​rapeseed cultivars was reduced, and the rape seedlings were weak. The rapeseed field was more weedy, and the soil moisture was not good, which was not conducive to the germination of the sub-capsules. March 13 In the 25m2 survey, only 8 sub-occluded disks were found, averaging 0.32 per square meter, which was lower than the previous year and last year. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is expected to occur lightly.
Second, prevention and control countermeasures According to the current occurrence of summer crops and summer oil pests in our city, combined with species layout and distribution of pests and diseases, we will adopt “three enhancementsâ€, “three prompts†and “three stressesâ€. “Three enhancements†means strengthening pest inspection, census, and monitoring methods. Secondly, liaising with all township agricultural technical stations, and strengthening reporting to the municipal party committee and municipal government authorities. "Three timely", that is, a timely and accurate release of pest information, two timely reports to the municipal Party committee and municipal government staff, three timely through the television media and promotional vehicles to launch propaganda. “Three stressesâ€, that is, first, pay close attention to the implementation of printing and distribution of pest control technical data to farmers, and secondly, pay close attention to the implementation of pest control materials, and third, pay close attention to post-infestation inspections, work summaries, and search for existing problems.
At present, the city has widely publicized the mobilization of farmers to prevent a wheat stripe rust before March 20th, to control Maiyuan spiders, and to treat wheat sheath blight. After going back to this meeting, we will implement the spirit of the meeting in a timely manner and earnestly do a good job of prevention and control of pests and diseases of wheat and rapeseed in 2006 so as to minimize the loss of pests and diseases.
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