First, focus on promoting key technologies for water saving and fertilizer saving
(1) Make full use of natural rainfall to improve water and fertilizer utilization. At present, the province has entered the rainy season and has more natural rainfall. All localities should take effective measures according to local conditions, store water and protect water, improve the utilization of rainwater, and improve the soil moisture condition; timely apply NPK fertilizer and calcium fertilizer to promote the improvement of peanut nutrition.
(2) Focus on promoting water-saving irrigation technology and pouring key water. First, pour the pod water to ensure proper soil moisture and promote pod enlargement and fullness. The second is to pour the fruit water, rooting to prevent premature aging of the plants, increase the fruit, increase the fruit weight, and prevent and control the aflatoxin pollution.
(3) Focus on promoting water and fertilizer integration technology and applying key fertilizers. The first is the integration of water and fertilizer. The plot of the drip irrigation facility under the membrane can be drenched with water soluble fertilizer (17-5-23) 15 kg/mu. The second is to break the film and topdress. The land with good film quality, severe drought under the film and insufficient fertility, 10 kg of compound fertilizer applied in the middle of the ridge before the rain, and 15-20 kg of lime in the acidic soil. The third is foliar spray fertilizer. In the late stage of pod formation, spray a mixture of 120-150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 350-400 g of urea + 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 70-80 g per acre of leaf surface, 45-50 kg per acre. Spray once every 10 to 15 days, even spray 2 times to prolong the life of peanut functional leaves and prevent premature aging. The fourth is to supplement the micro-fertilizer. The iron-deficient plot can be sprayed with 0.2% to 0.5% ferrous sulfate solution when the new leaves are yellow, and sprayed twice. The boron-deficient plot is sprayed with 0.1% to 0.25% boric acid or borax aqueous solution. The zinc-deficient plot can be sprayed at the needle stage with a 1% to 2% zinc sulfate solution.
Second, focus on promoting green prevention and control technology
(1) cultivating the soil, weeding and mowing. Chemical weeding can be carried out in the 3 to 5 leaf stage of peanuts, and in the 2 to 5 leaf stage of weeds, 11.8% of fine quincholine fluoroacetal emulsifiable concentrate 30-40 ml/mu, or 15% fine quinoxazamide emulsifiable concentrate 100-140 ml/mu. The stems and leaves are evenly sprayed to prevent grass weeds and broadleaf weeds.
(2) Green prevention and control, effectively controlling pests and diseases. First, we must strengthen the monitoring and early warning of the grassland moth, once it is discovered, prevent it as soon as possible. 35% chlorantraniliprole water dispersible granules 6 g / mu + 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 40 ml / mu, sprayed once every 10 to 15 days, a total of 2 sprays. Second, we must promptly control leaf diseases such as peanut leaf spot and scab. When the diseased leaf rate reaches 10%, use 17% of azole or epoxiconazole suspending agent per acre, or 30% of 30% difenoconazole (Ai Miao) emulsifiable concentrate, or 60% pyraclostrobin Ester-derived water-dispersible granules (Bai Tai) 60 grams, sprayed once every 10 to 15 days, a total of 2 sprays. The above-mentioned medicaments are applied alternately, and the sprayed foot is sprayed through. Third, we must promptly control underground pests such as underground pests and cotton bollworms. For spring peanuts with early sowing date, according to the insect condition, use 1000% liquid sulphur microcapsule suspension agent or 30% chlorpyrifos microcapsule suspension agent to fill the pier; or according to the above active ingredient 100g/mu In the soil, before the rain or after the rain, the soil is concentrated and evenly applied to the soil surface of the main stem of the plant, which can control the adult insects feeding on the peanut leaves or the peanut roots, and treat other underground pests. The control of cotton bollworm can use 15% indoxacarb suspension 10 ~ 18 ml / acre, diluted with water to 1000 ~ 1500 times spray, the above agents can cure beet armyworm. It is strongly advocated to use insecticidal lamps and sexual attractants to trap pests such as golden tortoise shell, cotton bollworm, beet armyworm and ground tiger. Fourth, we must promptly prevent the hazards of peanut thrips and spider mites. The control of the thrips can be carried out using 60 g / liter of ethyl spinosyn suspension, diluted with water 1500 times foliar spray control. Control leaf aphid using 1.8% avermectin EC, 20 ~ 30 ml / acre, diluted 1000 ~ 1500 times spray, or 15% 哒螨 乳 EC + 25% pyridone WP (1:1 mixed) 40 ~ 50 ml (or grams) / acre, can treat peanut aphids. Fifth, we must prevent and control aflatoxin contamination in time. On the basis of strengthening the prevention and control of pests and diseases, peanuts should be properly irrigated in the late stage of growth, maintain appropriate soil moisture, and timely harvest, timely drying, and effectively prevent and control aflatoxin contamination.
(3) Flexible control to prevent plant growth. It can be in the most vigorous period from the late flowering stage to the early stage of pod-forming. When the main stem height reaches 35 cm, the daily increment exceeds 1.5 cm, and the peanut super-precious treasure is 20 g per mu, or the uniconazole is 40-50 g per mu (active ingredient 2.0 to 2.5 grams) or 20 to 25 grams per acre, and 35 to 40 kilograms of water, for foliar application. If the plant height reaches 45 cm after 15 days of the first control, it can be sprayed once more, and the plant height during the harvest period is controlled within 50 cm. Spray the retarder to spray evenly to avoid heavy spray, leak spray and rain after spraying. The high-yielding field can be combined with the control of pests and diseases for 2 to 3 times, and attention should be paid to appropriately reducing the amount of each chemical-controlled agent.
Third, focus on promoting standardized machine management technology
(1) Adopting mechanical management to improve the efficiency and quality of plant protection. Focus on the development of high-altitude plant protection machinery, where conditions permit, you can also use the drone for plant protection operations, improve the quality and efficiency of measures to control pests and diseases, foliar spray, chemical control. Vigorously promote mechanical cultivating and cultivating soil, speed up the mechanization of peanut production management, improve the comprehensive mechanization rate of peanuts in our province and reduce production costs as soon as possible.
(2) Standardizing mechanical operations and promoting the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. Standardizing mechanical operations to ensure the agronomic technology in place is an important guarantee for increasing peanut production. The plant protection machinery operation should be operated according to the standard to prevent the excessive spraying of the ground to produce phytotoxicity, which not only affects the growth of the crops in the current season, but also adversely affects the growth and development of the lower crops. On the one hand, peanut joint harvest should maintain suitable soil moisture, provide suitable working conditions for mechanical plucking, shaking soil, picking fruit, cleaning and removing residual film; on the other hand, standardize mechanical operations, reduce stem and leaf congestion, and improve harvesting efficiency. And quality.
(3) Harvesting at the right time to improve the quality of harvest. According to the variety, environmental conditions, plant appearance and pod fullness, the harvest period should be determined and harvested at the right time. Peanut low-yield fields and early-maturing peanut variety plots enter the late stage of full-fruit, and the drought-tolerant plants show signs of aging. The upper leaves turn yellow, and the base and middle leaves fall off. It is necessary to harvest in time to avoid peanut fruit germination, fruit drop and aflatoxin. Pollution. Peanut high-yield fields, on the basis of doing a good job of preserving leaf premature aging, it is necessary to combine the characteristics and growth conditions of different varieties to scientifically implement a suitable late harvest. Spring-sown peanuts are suitable for harvesting when most of the leaves in the lower part of the main stem turn yellow and fall off, 4 to 5 green leaves remain on the upper part, or more than 80% of the pods in the lower part are full. Generally, high-yield spring peanut fields can be postponed until mid-September. Interplanting peanuts and wheat 茬 summer live peanuts can be postponed until mid-October.
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