The integration of water and fertilizer has also been promoted for many years, but the effect has not been satisfactory. In recent years, with the continuous warming of agriculture, the influx of various funds, the increasing number of family farms, medium and large farms, this technology has received increasing attention.
The water and fertilizer integration technology is based on sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation technology. It integrates irrigation and fertilization. According to soil moisture, crop fertilizer requirements and characteristics, the appropriate proportion of fertilizer and irrigation water are combined to make the fertilizer uniform, timed and quantitative. Spray on the crop growing area.
The benefits of doing this:
First, the absorption is fast, the fertilizer efficiency is good, and the nutrient utilization rate is high. Traditional fertilization is like eating calcium tablets to supplement calcium, while the integration of fertilizer and water is to drink liquid calcium.
The second is to avoid the volatilization loss of fertilizer to a certain extent;
The third is to reduce the residue of fertilizer in the ground and alleviate water pollution;
Fourth, it saves manpower and material resources, especially the use of fertilizer and irrigation water, and reduces production costs. Large-scale irrigation and drip irrigation technology can reduce labor costs, and according to Professor Zhang Chenglin of South China Agricultural University, the fertigation system saves 50%~70% of fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization;
The fifth is to help reduce pests and diseases. The water and fertilizer integration technology helps to regulate the humidity in the field and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. It also has a good control effect on soil-borne diseases (solanthosis, blight, etc., which will spread with running water).
The method seems to be simple, but the expected results are very attractive. The well-managed can increase production by 30%-80%, but the integration of water and fertilizer is a comprehensive technology, involving farmland irrigation, crop cultivation and many other aspects. It's not easy.
First, the bottom fertilizer should not be applied
In China, most of the places that use water and fertilizer integration technology still need to apply base fertilizer. However, in foreign countries, it has begun to try not to apply the base fertilizer, and the effect is not bad.
So should this base fertilizer be used?
In fact, this is linked to the situation of fertilizer.
From the role of fertilizers: the nutrient requirements of the whole growth cycle of the crops considered by the base fertilizer are selected as slow-acting fertilizers, and there is an essential difference between the rapid fertilizer supplements with the integrated technology of water and fertilizer.
Technically speaking: due to the use of sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, in order to avoid nozzle clogging, first of all, there is a requirement for the quality of water. The fertilizer dissolved in water must also be a water-soluble variety (urea, potassium chloride, sulfuric acid). Potassium, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, etc.), generally do not use granular compound fertilizer, humic acid liquid fertilizer must be filtered before use, and the bottom fertilizer is generally organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer.
Therefore, the base fertilizer is still to be applied. The foreigners do not use the bottom fertilizer is not the higher end of their fertilizer, but they supplement the fertilizer and water every 1-2 days.
Second, they are saying "a small amount of meals," how much is this amount?
Water and fertilizer integration are saying "a small amount of meals", but how to control this amount is really a troublesome thing. Generally speaking, the concentration of water and fertilizer is generally 0.1% of the irrigation flow (ie 1 square water to 1 liter of fertilizer) ). The use of water and fertilizer will also lead to soil salinization, compaction, and poor sensation.
First of all, according to the crop growth cycle, because this quick-acting water and fertilizer is very suitable as a top dressing, and all kinds of crops have a particularly strong growth time, which is called the “water and fertilizer critical periodâ€. At this time, we usually carry out topdressing, now It is just a replacement of water and fertilizer. How much is used in the previous topdressing? How much is used now? It can be divided into several applications.
Personally think that the foreigner's 1-2 days to add water and fertilizer is not very good, only suitable for the nursery use of flowering foliage plants, because in doing so, the plant growth conditions are too superior, there will be no idea of ​​breeding offspring, long branches Dry and leaves, if you want to produce high yields, you still need to let the plants encounter a "difficid situation". There is a kind of urgency that you need to reproduce as soon as possible and the result of flowering.
Secondly, it should be quantified according to the soil's sensation, but the instrument for soil moisture detection is too expensive, and often depends on experience.
In addition, when you see signs of lack of fertilizer in the crop, you must have a small amount of meals. Can use the eyes to see signs of lack of fat, indicating that it is already very serious, when the weakness, must pay attention to timely, a small amount, the amount of fertilizer should be gradually increased.
The water and fertilizer integration technology can also be used with the under-drip irrigation technology, and the effect is better, but this is a follow-up.
In the final analysis, the biggest role of water and fertilizer integration technology is to increase efficiency and is only an auxiliary means. Nowadays, various new technologies are emerging one after another. Crops are still crop-based. Only when you are familiar with the growth cycle and preferences of crops, and understand the relationship between soil and weather and other environmental factors, can you better use these technologies and cultivate better. Crops.
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