Plastic greenhouse broiler breeding technology

1 Characteristics of broilers raised in plastic greenhouses

1.1 Less effective investment At present, the construction of a greenhouse for raising 1000-1500 meat chickens only needs to invest about 2000-3000 yuan, and its cost is only 1/5-1/4 of the brick and tile structure. In general, two batches of broilers are kept in each chicken shed to recover all the investment in chicken sheds.

1.2 can provide a better growth environment for broilers Winter use of plastic film "warm declaration effect", can increase the temperature of the greenhouse, save energy, improve feed conversion efficiency. In the summer, the straw and straw on the top of the greenhouse have good heat insulation performance. When the air is ventilated, both sides are opened and the net is blocked, which can play a very good anti-hot effect.

1.3 The utilization rate of the shed is high, and the economic efficiency is greatly increased. The broilers raised in large sheds are generally raised on the ground with thick dunnage, which can raise 8-12 cubits per square metre. The efficiency of sheds is higher. At present, domestic broiler rearing levels have reached 6-7 weeks of age and can be slaughtered. After the slaughter, there are 2 weeks to clean and disinfect the broiler house, so that 5 batches can be slaughtered in one year. Calculating the net profit of each chicken by 2 yuan, each batch of 1,000 broilers can earn around 10,000 yuan in net profit.

1.4 Requires a higher level of feeding and management Because broilers grow very quickly, all aspects of nutrition needs to be supplied in a timely manner. Otherwise, any lack of nutrients will affect its growth and even the occurrence of metabolic diseases. Therefore, the broiler feed requires the use of full-priced compound feed, and the use of pelleted feed is best. At the same time, due to the relatively high stocking density, the requirements for the growing environment are strict. If the feeding and management level is low, the chickens are prone to epidemics such as coccidiosis, chicken flea, colibacillosis, and chronic respiratory diseases. This requires that when broilers are raised, feeding and management should be strengthened, and efforts should be made to provide a good growth environment for broilers, increase the broiler slaughter weight and survival rate, and thus obtain higher economic benefits.

2 Construction of Broiler Shed

2.1 Selection of Shed Sites Shelving sites with the best open terrain, well-ventilated, near-water sources, non-polluting soil, and no noise in the Yuanfen Avenue should be selected. All those that meet the above requirements, such as field heads, village vacancies, orchard vegetable fields, floodplains and other slopes can be used. This can provide a suitable living environment for broilers.

2.2 The building specifications currently use more double-oblique sheds. The sheds are 2-30m long and 7-8m wide. They are east-west or north-south. The construction area is 140-240 square meters, and 1,000-1,500 broilers can be kept.

2.3 The plastic film used for building sheds is about 1m longer than the shed and about 2 meters wider than the shed. According to the shed length of 30m and 1500, only 200 bamboo poles with a length of about 4.5m, 20 bamboo poles with a length of about 8m, and about 2500 bricks are needed. In addition, the appropriate amount of string, wire, wheat straw or grass rake must be prepared.

2.4 Greenhouses are built with brick walls at both ends of the greenhouse. One end of the gable is left in the middle. Ventilation holes are left on both sides. The gable at the other end only has ventilation holes or windows to install. There are also 1-2 funnel holes for brooding or Use when warming.

A row of columns is planted every 2m between the two brick walls, one in the middle (the same height as the top of the shed), and two on the left and right sides (including two outside and the outside of the shed), a total of five. Columns have 5 rows. In the top of each row of vertical columns, 8m long bamboo poles are connected to it to form the longitudinal bracket of the greenhouse. Then use a group of bamboo poles 4.5m long. The knots are fastened with 30-40 cm intervals in the horizontal direction and are tied around the longitudinal columns to form a transverse bracket at the top of the greenhouse. In this way, a complete greenhouse scaffold was built.

The plastic film is adhered in advance according to the length and width specifications. When weathering the film, select the film directly on the scaffold. Then cover the plastic film with lo-20cm wheat straw or other weeds (in order to prevent the grass from falling, cover it with a plastic net). Add a layer of grass rake or oily paper on it, and add vertical and horizontal wire anchors to fix it. At the top of the shed, a 40-50cm adjustable vent hole is placed every 3-4m. Drain the ditch around the shed to facilitate drainage during the rainy season.

3 Preparation of shed broilers before brooding

Thoroughly clean up the equipment and dust inside the house and replace the old soil on the surface of the soil with new soil. Check and maintain the equipment for heating and lighting in the chicken house to eliminate potential fire hazards. Prepare fuel, electric light guns, lamp holders, etc. Drinking water feeders must be soaked with 2% fire soda for more than 12 hours, rinsed with water, and left to dry.

After the chicken shed was dry on the ground, the surface of the shed was sprayed with 2.5% fire lye. The dry floor should be covered with clean and dry bedding with a thickness of not less than 5cm, such as short straw, wheat straw (6-10cm), rice bran, peanut shell, etc. Late sand can be used as litter. Evenly arrange all drinking water and feeding equipment.

The chicken shed was sealed and fumigated with formalin and potassium permanganate for 48 hours. After the disinfection, the shed film, doors, and ventilation holes were opened for ventilation. Smoked swallow method: The new chicken house uses formalin 28 ml, potassium permanganate 14 g, and water 14 ml per cubic meter, and the old chicken house with chickens used was formalin 40 ml, potassium permanganate 20 g, and water 20 ml. Potassium permanganate is first dissolved into a porcelain basin filled with water, and then formalin is poured. Clean the litter around the porcelain basin. It should be noted that plastic pots cannot be used, otherwise it may cause fire.

At least 24 hours before the start of the preheating process, so that the temperature within the brooding shed is maintained at 32-35 °C.

In addition, enough warm water should be prepared.

4 Temperature, Humidity, Feeding Density and Lighting Requirements

4.1 Temperature Broilers have strict temperature requirements throughout the feeding period. Tests have shown that after 5 weeks of age, the temperature deviates from the suitable temperature of 1°C, and by the age of 8 weeks, the weight of each broiler is reduced by approximately 20 g. The suitable temperature range for broiler chickens is as follows: 1-3 days at 34-35°C, 3-7 days at 32-34°C, 8-14 days at 30-32°C, 15-21 days at 27-30°C,22- 28-day-old 24-27 °C, 29-35 days old 21-24 °C, 35 days old to maintain the slaughter at about 21 °C. It should be noted that the temperature listed above refers to the temperature at the height of the back of the chicken. Whether the temperature is appropriate or not, in addition to observing the thermometer, can also be judged by observing the activity of the flock. When the temperature is normal, the broilers show lively, evenly distributed, good appetite, proper drinking water, no crowding during sleep, quietness, and no squeaking. When the temperature is too high, the chicken does not move well, stay away from heat, breathe open mouth, feed intake decreases, drinking water decreases, tend to appear diarrhea, long-term deviation is the slow growth and development, lack of luster feathers. When the temperature is too low, the broiler actively approaches the heat source and emits continuous screams. It is not quiet at night and easily squeezes and even crushed or dying. This should be taken seriously.

4.2 Temperature The suitable relative humidity range for broilers is 5o% to 70%. Generally 10 days before the age required a larger temperature, up to 70%, which is conducive to the absorption of chick yolk absorption and prevent chick dehydration. After 10 days of age, the relative humidity is less, and it can be kept at about 65%. This will help keep the shed dry and prevent the coccidiosis from being caused by damp litter.

4.3 The purpose of light illumination is to prolong the feeding time of broilers and promote their growth rate. One kind of illumination time schedule is to light 23 hours a day during the whole feeding period, 1 hour dark, this method can increase the mortality of broilers in the middle and later stages. At present, the following light protocols are generally used: 1 to 2 days of age, 24 hours of light, 3 to 42 days of age, 16 hours of light, 8 hours of darkness, 43 days of age, 23 hours of light, and 1 hour of darkness. This light solution does not affect the growth of broilers but also improves the survival rate. . The principle of light intensity is from strong to weak. It should reach 3.8 w/m2 for 1-7 days, 3.2 w/m2 for 8 to 42 days, and 1.6 w/m2 for 42 days. The pre-illumination is stronger, which helps the chick to become familiar with the environment, and has sufficient intake of food and drinking water. The strong light in the late period is harmful to the broilers and hinders the growth. The weak light can keep the flock quiet and is conducive to growth and development. In addition, in order to make the light intensity distribution uniform, do not use light bulbs of more than 60w, the lamp height is 2m, and the lamp distance is 2 to 3m.

4.4 Breeding density The broiler breeder density is reasonable, and it is very important to raise broiler chickens and make full use of the chicken house. When the breeding density is too high, the air quality in the shed declines, causing infectious diseases. It also leads to crowded chickens and snatches each other, resulting in unbalanced weight development. In the summer, chickens are susceptible to heat stroke death. The stocking density is too small, and the efficiency of the shelter is low. The breeding density of broilers depends on different ages, seasons, temperatures, and ventilation conditions. For example, the density of broilers in the summer can be smaller and winters larger. The following stocking densities (per square meter) are available for reference: 40 at 1 to 7 days, 30 at 8 to 14 days, 27 at 5 to 21 days, 21 at 22 to 28 days, 29 to 35 days of age 18 Only 14 to 36 to 42 days old, 10 to 11 on 43 to 49 days old, and 9 to 10 on 50 to 56 days old.

5 Control Technology of the Environment in Broiler Shed

5.1 Spring and autumn seasons are the best season for broilers in greenhouses. The average ambient temperature in these two seasons is around 10-25°C, and the relative humidity is between 60%-70%. With appropriate measures, the temperature inside the greenhouse can be easily controlled within the range of 18 to 23°C, and the relative humidity can be controlled at about 60% to provide the optimum environment for the growth of broilers. Generally, the degree of openness and orientation of the film are adjusted. Time can be achieved. In the spring and autumn season, generally from 10 to 15 o'clock every day, when the outside temperature reaches 20 o C or more, the surrounding membrane can be fully open and ventilated, which is conducive to cooling in the greenhouse and evaporation of litter. Every day from 2 to 4 o'clock in the morning, the external environment temperature is low and the film can be partially closed.

5.2 In summer and summer, when the outside temperature is high day and night, effective measures must be taken to prevent heatstroke, otherwise it may easily lead to death from heatstroke in broilers especially near the time of slaughter. When the weather is hot in summer, in addition to the surrounding film and all ventilation holes, doors, windows and other open, you can also install a number of electric fans for cooling. It is also possible to place 3 to 4 rows of plastic hoses in the shed to cool the chickens with cold water. The tests have proved that this method is very effective in preventing broilers from suffering heat stroke. In addition, it can also be combined with disinfection. Frequently, cold water is used to spray the flock. This also has an effect on lowering the temperature of the flock. When it is very hot, for broilers over 40 days old, the stocking density must be reduced, generally no more than 8 per square meter.

5.3 In winter and winter, the outside temperature is low, and the average temperature is usually in the range of 0-10°C, and the lowest temperature is as low as minus 10°C. The temperature requirement in the shed is generally not lower than 18°C. To achieve this goal, a row of 2m high enclosures can be built with bricks or straw around the 1m line of the shed to block the cold north wind from invading the shed. The second is to close all the film, when there is sunlight, the slope of the east and west shed is about 0.9~1. The om grassland was set off. The north and south sheds lifted the east side of the dumplings early. In the afternoon, the western side smashed the dumplings, which facilitated the warming of the shed. At night or in rainy and snowy weather, all the sheds can be closed. If necessary, one or two stoves can be produced to warm the shed. In addition, the winter broiler breeding density can be increased to 10 to 12 / square meters, which is also conducive to the temperature inside the shed. Another problem that is difficult to deal with raising broilers in winter is the elimination of harmful gases in the shed, because excessive ventilation is not conducive to insulation in the shed. The solution: First, make full use of the vent holes on the roof and the gables on both sides, and open the exhaust hole when the temperature rises during the day. Second, dry sand is often used to replace contaminated litter, which is conducive to maintaining the temperature in the shed and preventing the generation of harmful gases.

5.4 Control of brooding temperature The temperature of brooding is relatively high, and the end of the shed without doors can be isolated (about 1/5 to 1/4 of the total area). The middle is covered with a film, and 1 to 2 furnaces (endogeneous chimneys) are generated. 14-18cm in diameter) for raising and brooding. Conditions can also be used underground temperature fire. With the increase of the age, the temperature requirement gradually decreases, the breeding area increases, the temperature can be gradually reduced as required, and the breeding area is expanded until the barrier film is removed.

6 shed broiler feeding technology

6.1 Drinking broilers should be fed with drinking water when they are just connected to the brooding shed. The best drinking temperature should be within 3 to 5 days of age. The water temperature should be the same as the room temperature, and later change to cool water, so as to stimulate the appetite of the chicks. In addition to requiring water restrictions for the administration of drugs and epidemic prevention, drinking water supply cannot be interrupted. The quality of drinking water is fresh, clean and hygienic. Drinking fountains are cleaned daily and regularly sterilized.

6.2 The feed was fed 2 hours after feeding. In the first 5 to 7 days of age, feed can be sprinkled on clean newspapers, plastic sheets, or feeding trays for chickens to feed. In order to save on feed and reduce waste, buckets should be gradually added from the age of 4 to 5 days, and barrels of 7 to 8 days of age should be used afterwards. In addition to the second week of limited feeding, the other time free to feed, that is, how much to feed how much to feed. In the second week, the implementation of 90% dietary restriction can reduce the occurrence of sudden death in broilers without affecting the subsequent weight. Feeding times should be appropriate, generally 8 times a day in the first week, 7 times a day in the second week, until the slaughter feed 5 to 6 times a day. Generally, every 20 to 30 chickens need a bucket. After the bucket is placed, its edge should be equal to the back of the broiler. Each time the feed should not be added too much, it can reduce feed waste and pollution. At present, the feed formulation of broilers is generally divided into three stages: 0 to 3 weeks of age with the previous material, 4 to 5 weeks of age with the medium-term material, and 6 weeks of age until the slaughter of the late material. It should be noted that during the conversion of feed between stages, it should be a gradual transition, there is a period of adaptation of 3 ~ 5d, if the sudden reloading makes broiler chickens appear a greater stress response, causing chicken disease.

6.3 Disease prevention and epidemic prevention programs for greenhouse broilers Immunization procedures: 4 to 5 days of inoculation of infective oil emulsion of kidney type chickens 0.25 ml of intramuscular injection per chicken, 7 to 9 days of age of chicken Newcastle disease iv lines of seedlings + transmission of h120 II Joint seedlings eyelids, snout nose each time (or at the same time each chicken neck subcutaneous injection of 0.2ml chicken Newcastle disease oil emulsion inactivated seedlings), 14 to 16 days old bursal poisoning seedlings doubled the amount of water or lyophilization of France's lyophilized vaccine Miao double the amount of drinking water, 26 to 28 days old bursal poisoning vaccine twice the amount of drinking water, 31 to 33 days old chicken Newcastle disease iv vaccine twice the amount of water (such as 7 to 9 days have been injected Newcastle disease oil seedlings can avoid this item).

Medication procedures: 1 day old oral rehydration salts, quick fill -14 or benefit more drinking water; 2 ~ 6 days old to eliminate drinking water, 2 times a day. Gentamicin 40,000 u/i drinking water can also be used, dextria 8 to 12 days old, 0.005% to 0.01% drinking water, and 15 to 17 days old norfloxacin pure powder 0.005% drinking water, 15 After age, it is alternately used with various anticoccidial drugs (such as Maduramycin, Chlorphenphine, Salinomycin, etc.) and stopped for 5 days after 7 days of drug use; 31 to 33 days of age: Cyclopropanol or Enorex Star. 0.005% drinking water.

The above immunization procedures and medications are for reference only. In practical applications, farmers need to be flexible in combination with the characteristics and types of local chicken diseases.

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