1. The choice of seeds
According to the growing season, cultivation methods, market demand choose the right tomato varieties. Excellent tomato varieties should have the characteristics of disease resistance, high yield and high quality. At the same time, the indicators such as maturity, fullness, mechanical damage, germination rate, and germination potential should also be checked. The quality of the seeds of the qualified tomato seed should be higher than 98%, the seed color is pure, no mildew, the purity is higher than 95%, the germination rate is higher than 88%, and the moisture content is less than 8%. Higher scientific research units or seed departments purchase seeds to prevent economic losses caused by buying fake seeds.
The 1000-grain weight of seeds is the main indicator of the fullness of seeds. If the weight of 1000 seeds is lower than the lower limit figure, it should not be used in production. The seed weight of a large fruit tomato is about 3.2 grams.
In order to increase the number of years of tomato seed production and utilization, good conditions should be created during the seed storage process to prolong the life of the seeds. When the seeds are stored, the seeds should be fully dried. The relative humidity of the air in the storage should be reduced as much as possible, and the temperature should generally be below 5°C. The lifespan of a typical tomato seed is 3 to 6 years, and the lifespan of production is 2 to 3 years.
2. Seed processing
Pre-seeding seed treatment can reduce tomato seed colonization, increase seed vigor, promote uniform emergence and enhance seedling resistance.
(1) Soaking
It is the amount of water needed to attract the seed from the seeds to sprout in a short time under the temperature conditions that are conducive to water absorption. The soaking container can be a clean tile basin, porcelain basin or plastic basin. Do not use metal or oiled containers. The soaking method usually uses 22 to 28°C clean fresh water to soak tomato seeds. The water should be submerged in the seeds, stirring continuously, removing the seeds floating on the surface of the water, washing the seeds by hand, removing the flesh, peel and mucous etc., which are immersed in the seeds, and then soaking for 6-8 hours in the same warm water of cleanness. , make the seeds fully absorb water. This soaking method is simple and safe, but it has no disinfection effect on the seeds. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of cultivation techniques, the following methods are commonly used to treat seeds:
Trace element treatment
The specific approach is to first formulate a variety of trace element solutions. Its formula is 5000 kg of cold water, 2 g of copper sulfate, 2 g of boric acid, 2 g of zinc sulfate, 1.5 g of manganese sulfate, and 0.1 g of ammonium sulfate. The tomato seeds were then wrapped in gauze, immersed in the solution for 24 hours and then removed, slightly sun dried and soaked for 12 hours. It can promote tomato ripening and increase yield.
Gibberellin treatment
Seed soaking with 5% to 10% gibberellin solution can promote germination and seedling growth, but the concentration should not be too high, otherwise it will cause the seedlings to grow.
In addition, soaking with 1% sodium bicarbonate solution for 24 hours can promote plant growth and promote early maturity.
(2) Seed disinfection
Tomato seeds transmit more diseases such as damping-off, leaf mold, viral disease, early blight, wilt disease, spot blotch, and canker disease. Therefore, seeds must be disinfected before sowing. There are many ways to disinfect seeds, depending on local conditions.
Soaking with warm soup
The tomato seeds were dipped in cold water for 10 minutes and then placed in hot water at 50°C to stir continuously so that the seeds were evenly heated and hot water was replenished at any time. The water temperature was measured with a rod-shaped thermometer to stabilize the water temperature at 50-52. °C, after 20 to 30 minutes, remove and put heat in cold water, then soak in warm water at 25 to 30°C for 4 to 6 hours. This method is simple, low cost, strong bactericidal, is a common method of disinfection.
High temperature treatment
The dried seeds were placed in a 70°C incubator for 72 hours, and then soaked, germinated, and sown to provide a certain control effect on tomato virus disease.
Seed soaking
The seed is treated with a bactericide to sterilize pathogenic bacteria attached to the surface of the seed. The main commonly used agents are:
A. Formalin first soaked the seed in clean water for 4 to 5 hours, and then put it in 1% Fortune's solution (that is, 1 part of 40% formaldehyde solution is mixed with 99 parts of water), soak it for 15 to 20 minutes and then remove it with a damp cloth. Wrap it well and put it in an airtight container for 2 to 3 hours. Disinfect it with fumigation and rinse it again with clean water. It can reduce and control tomato early blight and blight.
B. Anti-fuming with each (2 ml) anti-Kuning plus 10 to 15 kg of water, soaking for 4 to 5 hours, then wash the seeds repeatedly with water, slightly dry, control of wilt disease and other control effects.
C. Potassium permanganate is first soaked in warm water at 40°C for 3 to 4 hours, and then soaked in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 10 to 15 minutes to kill germs on the seed surface by strong oxidation. Remove the seeds and rinse them with water to reduce the risk of ulcer disease and tobacco mosaic virus disease.
D. The use of 25% Rhizoctonidae 1000 times to disinfect Rhizoctonia prevents late blight and cotton rot on the seed surface.
E. Hydrochloric acid was soaked in a solution of 0.5% dilute hydrochloric acid for 3 hours to eliminate germs on the surface of the attached seed.
F. 70% of enemy pine powder dressing seed dressing, dosage is 0.3% of seed weight; dressing with 50% dichloronaphthoyl wettable powder, dosage is 0.2% of seed weight, to prevent the tomato seedling stage Blight has a significant role. The amount of drug used during seed dressing should be precise, and the mix should be uniform with the seed. The seeds for seed dressing should be dried. Operators should wear masks and gloves to ensure safety.
(3) Germination
After the seeds are soaked and disinfected, germination is required to promote the rapid development of the young embryos. During the germination process, provide suitable temperature, moisture and air environment. The suitable temperature for the germination of tomato seeds is 25-30°C and the relative humidity is more than 90%. During the germination process, the seeds should be inspected and turned over frequently. The seeds should be rinsed with warm water of about 30° C. for 1 to 2 times a day. The seeds should be dried on the surface of the water or dried slightly to maintain the humidity, change the air, and promote all seeds. Evenly germinate. Under suitable conditions, the tomato seeds can germinate after 2 to 3 days. The commonly used germination methods are as follows:
Pot Germination
Soak the soaked seed, wash it in clean wet gauze, and place it in a pad of rice straw, so as not to collect water and moldy seeds, and put a damp sack or towel on it to keep the humidity. Place the pots in a pressure fire, a hot pit or a germination box to germinate.
Sanding and Germination
Soak seed-cleaned seeds and washed clean sand in a ratio of 1:1.5, mix in pots, cover with wet sand or wet cloth, and then germinate at a suitable temperature.
Electrothermal temperature-control germination method
The temperature was controlled by installing an electronic temperature controller inside the germination box, and the appropriate air humidity was maintained.
The germination temperature is controlled to be slightly lower, and then gradually increased. When the radicles are going to break through the seed coat, they are reduced (down to 20 to 24° C.) and the radicles are stout. When about 70% of the seeds germinate white, the seeds should be wrapped in a refrigerator with a wet towel, and the temperature should be about 5°C and maintain the appropriate humidity. When the conditions are good, sow again.
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