Wheat full-blown disease is a devastating disease in the growth of wheat, which mainly damages the roots of wheat and stem base. Has become the enemy of wheat production, up to 30% to 70% or even out of production, the sooner wheat disease, the greater the loss of production.
First, the onset of disease: It is a typical root disease, the bacteria only infect the roots and stem base 15 cm of the 1 ~ 2 Department. After the onset of the seedlings, the plants became dwarfed with more yellow leaves in the lower position and fewer tillers. Similar to drought-fat deficiency, the primary roots (seed roots) and rhizomes turned grayish black, and the secondary roots of severely infected plants also turned black, causing serious strains in the whole plant. Conjoined dead. Jointing period of winter wheat disease seedlings is slow and has little tillering, and most of the roots of the diseased plants turn black. In the heading grain filling stage, "white spikes" appeared, and the roots became black, showing a "black foot" shape. After the color was darkened, it became "black plaster". It was easy to pull up, but it was not easy to fall down. The rate of spike formation was low, and the grain weight decreased. This was The unique symptoms of the adult stage.
All wheat rot disease can also spread with the water, rainy, high temperature, low-lying terrain, heavy wheat fields. Early sowing, low temperature in winter and spring, dry and hot wind during mature period, and loose soil, thin, alkaline, and less organic matter. The incidence of wheat deficiency in phosphorus deficiency and nitrogen deficiency is heavy.
There is a clear natural decline in wheat whole rot disease, especially in wheat and corn two-year-old areas, there are obvious stages of disease rise, peak, decline and control period, as long as the disease reaches its peak, continue to implement In the wheat and corn planting system, the disease will decline, and the disease will naturally be controlled after 1-2 years. The reason for the natural decline may be related to the development of antagonistic microorganisms in the soil year by year.
Second, transmission routes and conditions: Whole wheat pathogen is a soil-inhabiting bacteria. The fungus is mainly wintered or over-summered on the residue of the hyphae left in the soil or the manure not mixed with the diseased body and the seed mixed with the diseased body. It is the main source of infection for post-planted wheat. The introduction of mixed diseased seeds is the main cause of disease-free areas. The dormant mycelia on the roots of the cutting wheat harvest area became the primary source of infection for the lower jaw. Shortly after the winter wheat seed germination, the summer mycelia can invade the roots and overwinter in the blackened roots. Spring wheat turns green, mycelium also grows faster with increasing temperature, extends upwards to the tiller section and stem base, jointing to the heading stage, can infect to the first 1-2 section, due to stem base damage decomposition, diseased plants one after another death. In the spring wheat region, after the seeds germinated, the wintering hyphae infested the young roots on the diseased body, gradually spread the infection to the tiller section and the stem base, and finally caused the death of the plants. Most of the diseased plants showed white panicles during the grain filling stage, and the diseased plants accelerated to death when they encountered dry hot winds. Soil properties and farming management conditions have a greater impact on total erosion. Generally, the soil has loose soil and low fertility, and the alkaline soil is heavier. The moist soil is conducive to the occurrence and expansion of diseases, and the irrigated land is heavier than the dry land. Rotation with non-host crop rotations or floods and dry crops is less frequent. Strongly developed roots have strong resistance to disease, and the addition of decomposed organic fertilizer can reduce the incidence. Early winter wheat sowing is heavy.
Third, prevention and control measures
(I) Agricultural Control Measures
1. Deep plowing. The inhabitants of the wheat full-bleeding disease leave the hyphae on the surface of the soil, deep-turning the soil, and burying the bacteria underground, which will effectively kill the bacteria.
2. Reduce bacteria source. For sporadic epidemics, we will continue to blockade on the spot and eliminate it on the spot. Incidence fields must be singled and singles must be collected. Wheat harvested is strictly prohibited, and wheat stalks and wheat stubble can not be returned directly to the field. It is best to harvest the sorghum and then remove the diseased roots and incinerate them. This will not reduce the source of bacteria.
3. Reasonable rotation. For the severe occurrence of wheat full-blown disease land, the crop rotation can be implemented, the implementation of wheat, wheat and other crop rotation, to cut off the accumulation of germs, to control the development of the disease.
4. Rational fertilization. The base fertilizer increased organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer to increase soil organic matter content. Fertilizer application should pay attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
(II) Pharmaceutical Control Measures
1, soil treatment. Before sowing, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP can be used for total quality management of 2-3 kg of fine kilograms of soil mixed with 20-30 kg of kilograms of fine soil. When applied on cultivated land, it can be uniformly applied. If it is used to control underground pests, it can be mixed with insecticides and requirements can be used. With ploughing.
2, dipping and dressing. Available 12.5% ​​full eclipse net (produced by the US Monsanto company), 20 grams per mu, mixed with 8 to 10 kilograms of seeds, boring for 6 to 12 hours, aired and sown.
3. During the jointing of wheat, spray 15% triadimefon 150-200 g per mu, 100-150 ml of 20% triadimefon EC and spray 50-60 kg of water in the wheat field. The control effect can reach 60%. , Adding 600-800 times grain-specific "Tianda 2116" can significantly improve the control effect.
4, pharmacy irrigation root. During the returning green period of wheat, 100-150 ml per acre and 150 kg of water were used for irrigation to destroy the enemy or eliminate erosion.
The use of the above prevention methods for continuous use for 2 to 3 years can fundamentally eliminate the full-blown wheat disease.
Hydrolyzed Sponge White Powder
Sponge
Chengdu Sino Tech company , https://www.cnherbfun.cn