Fertilization principle
In view of the insufficient amount of organic fertilizer input in apple production, some orchard site conditions are poor, soil water retention and fertilizer retention capacity is poor, and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in intensive orchard is generally high. The acidification of soil in old orchards is not common in non-calcium soils. The lack of calcium, magnesium and boron in the middle and trace elements occurs. The shortage of iron, zinc and boron in orchards in calcareous soil areas is common. In some areas, fruit farmers have insufficient understanding of the base fertilizer and the number and proportion of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the spring and summer fruit expansion period, and the following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) Adding organic fertilizers and promoting organic and inorganic application; adjusting the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers according to soil fertility conditions and yield levels; paying attention to the combined application of silicon, calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc;
(2) Combine with high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques (ridge cultivation, orchard grass, water and fertilizer integration, drooping fruit branch pruning, etc.), and apply NPK fertilizer in stages according to tree potential and yield level;
(3) Orchards in which soil acidification occurs can be modified by applying silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer or lime.
2. Fertilization advice
Early maturing varieties, or soils with fertile soil, or small age, or strong trees, 3 to 4 square meters per mu of farmland or 300 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer; late-maturing varieties, or soil thin, or older, or tree-like Weak orchards apply 4~5 square meters per mu or 350 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer.
(1) Orchard with an output of more than 4,500 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15~25 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7.5~12.5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 15~25 kg/mu;
(2) Orchard with an area of ​​3,500 to 4,500 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10 to 20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5 to 10 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10 to 20 kg/mu;
(3) Orchards with an output of less than 3,500 kg per mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 10~15 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5~10 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 10~15 kg/mu.
The orchard with zinc, boron and calcium in the soil should be applied with zinc sulfate 1~1.5 kg/mu, borax 0.5~1.0 kg/mu, calcium nitrate 20 kg/mu, mixed with organic fertilizer and then from mid-September to October. Mid-application (late application of late-maturing varieties as soon as possible); fertilization method using acupoint application or ditch application, the depth of the hole or ditch is about 40 cm, and each tree is 3~4 (bar).
Fertilizer is applied in 3~4 times (4 times late maturity), the first time from mid-September to mid-October (as early as possible after late-harvesting fruit picking), combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on organic fertilizer and silicon-calcium-calcium fertilizer The proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be increased appropriately; the second time will be carried out in mid-April of the following year, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; the third time will be carried out before and after fruit bagging in early June of the next year, according to the condition of retention of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increasing the amount of potassium fertilizer; For the fourth time, from the end of July to the middle of August of the following year, a small number of methods were adopted according to rainfall, tree potential and yield, with potassium as the main factor and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
From the end of October to the middle of November, spray 1% to 6% of urea continuously for 3 times, before the concentration is low and then high, with an interval of 7 to 10 days.
This article URL: 2016/2017 autumn and winter apple science fertilization guidance opinion apple fertilization skills
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